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- 2017
中世纪晚期英格兰政府与劳动力市场
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Abstract:
中世纪晚期，英格兰通过劳工法令的颁布和执行，试图建立一个强有力的政府。在当时的劳动力市场运转中，政府主要扮演了以下三种角色：首先，通过颁布强制性法令，成为市场规则的制定者；其次，通过惩罚违法行为，成为市场行为的规范者；最后，通过对违约行为的裁决，成为市场契约的维护者。从可以见到的法庭案卷来看，在劳工法令执行过程中，政府不自觉地承担了“服务”市场运行的功能。这是以前的研究没有注意到的。干预劳动力市场的措施虽未产生理想效果，它却开启政府介入劳动领域之先河，对此后英国劳工政策和劳动关系产生重大影响。
In the late middle ages, England tried to build a powerful government by the enactment and enforcement of labor laws. The government mainly played three roles in the labor market at that time. Firstly, it played the role of the rule maker by the enactment of mandatory laws and decrees. Secondly, it became the regulator of market behaviors by punishing illegal acts. Thirdly, it became the protector of market contract through the adjudication of breach of contract. The court documents available show that the government undertook the function of serving the market unconsciously in the enforcement of the labor ordinance. This is a point which had not been noticed by researchers before. Although the measures to intervene the labor market did not produce the desired results, it opened the door to government involvement in labor market and had a major impact on British labor policy and labor relations thereafter
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