铅蓄电池厂遗留场地污染分析与风险评价
Pollution Analysis and Risk Assessment of the Remaining Site of a Relocated Lead Acid Battery Factory

以重庆地区某铅蓄电池厂搬迁遗留污染场地为研究对象，采用单项污染指数法、Hankanson潜在生态危害指数法和健康风险评价法，对场地污染进行了分析评价.结果表明，场地Pb的质量浓度为15~166 000 mg/kg，均值为8 774.98 mg/kg；通过单项污染指数法评价得到污染主要集中在极板生产、化成车间及堆放区域；内梅罗指数评价得到铅为重度污染，As为中度污染；场地铅的生态危害为较强，砷为轻微危害；场地重金属污染的健康风险评价结果表明，As的致癌风险HI为3.21×10^-5，超可接受的阈值10^-6；危害熵HQ为3.56，大于阈值1，对人体存在较严重的致癌和非致癌危害风险；使用IEUBK模型计算得到儿童受体血铅质量浓度超过100 μg/L的概率为99.756%，大于安全概率5%，铅污染的区域存在较高环境健康风险，场地必须经过修复治理才能规划利用.
A lead (Pb) acid battery factory in Chongqing was relocated and left behind a polluted site. In this study, the single pollution index, Hankanson potential ecological risk index and health risk assessment methods were used to analyze and evaluate this polluted area. The content of Pb at the site varied from 15 to 166 000 mg/kg, with a mean of 8 774.98 mg/kg. Based on the method of single factor pollution index, pollution was mainly concentrated at the former plate production and formation workshops and the stacking area, According to the results of Nemerow index evaluation, Pb pollution of the site was 'hazardous' and arsenic (As) pollution was 'moderate'. Health risk assessment of As showed that the carcinogenic risk index HI was 3.21×10^-5, exceeding the acceptable threshold value 10^-6; and the hazard quotient HQ was 3.56, exceeding the threshold value 1, suggesting a serious risk to the human body. A calculation based on the IEUBK model showed a probability of 99.756% of children blood lead level of > 100 μg/L, being much greater than the safety probability 5%. In conclusion, the lead polluted site presents a high environmental health risk and should not be utilized until remediated