|
|
- 2017
成年银杏雌雄株非花果期形态学差异性比较分析
|
Abstract:
为探寻成年雌雄银杏形态学差异，调查了成年银杏雌雄株花芽发育形态，短、长枝叶片形态指标，春、秋季叶片叶绿素质量比的变化以及气孔密度的表观特征.结果表明：银杏雌花芽呈尖锐圆锥形，雄花芽呈饱满半球形；同性别银杏单株间形态特征差异不显著，具有相对稳定性；雌株短枝、长枝叶片叶长、叶宽、叶基夹角、叶面积和叶形指数都分别显著小于雄株对应枝条上相应叶片形态特征，而叶柄显著大于雄株叶柄；春季，雌株短枝、长枝叶片叶绿素质量比分别高于雄株17.48%，31.03%；秋季，雌株短枝、长枝叶片叶绿素质量比分别低于雄株6.25%，21.82%；春季雌株较雄株浓绿，秋季雄株较雌株晚黄；雌株短枝、长枝叶片的气孔密度都分别显著高于雄株相应的短枝、长枝上的叶片气孔密度.研究结果证明：银杏叶片表观特征与性别分化关联密切；非花果期鉴定成年银杏性别，可依据花芽形态特征、银杏叶片叶色、叶绿素质量比、气孔密度的差异来初步鉴别.
To identify the gender of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) effectively in the non-flowering and non-fruiting period, investigations were carried out of the flower bud morphological characters, the leaf morphological indexes, the chlorophyll content and the leaf stomatal density of adult ginkgo trees. The female flower buds were found to be thin and cone-shaped, and the male ones were plump and hemispheric in shape. The morphological characters of the trees of the same gender were relatively stable, with no significant difference. The length, width, phyllopodium angle, leaf area and leaf shape index (L/W ratio) of the leaves on the short and long shoots of the female trees were strikingly smaller than those of the male trees, while the petiole length of the female trees was greater than that of the male trees. In spring, the chlorophyll content of the leaves on short and long shoots of the female trees was 17.48% and 31.03% higher than that of the male trees, respectively. In autumn, the chlorophyll content of the leaves on short and long shoots the female trees was 6.25% and 21.82% lower than that of the male trees, respectively. The leaf color of the female trees was greener than that of the male trees in spring, and the male trees turned yellow later than the female trees in autumn. The stomatal density on the leaves of the female trees was dramatically higher than that of the male trees. In conclusion, the apparent characteristics of ginkgo leaves are closely associated with the gender of the tree. The gender of an adult ginkgo tree can be identified preliminarily through observing the differences of the developmental morphology of its flower buds, leaf morphological indexes, leaf color, chlorophyll contents and leaf stomatal density in the non-flowering and non-fruiting period
| [1] | 谢英赞, 何平, 方文, 等. 北碚城区不同绿地类型常用绿化树种滞尘效应研究[J]. 西南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 39(1): 97-104. |
| [2] | HASLER A, STICHER O, MEIER B. Identification and Determination of the Flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 1992, 605(1): 41-48. DOI:10.1016/0021-9673(92)85026-P |
| [3] | MOZET C, MARTIN R, WELT K. Cardioprotective Efect of EGb 761 on Myocardial Ultrastrueture of Young and old Rat Heart and An-Tioxidant Status During Acute Hypoxla[J]. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 2009, 21(1): 14-21. DOI:10.1007/BF03324893 |
| [4] | ZHANG Y, CHEN A Y, LI M, et al. Ginkgo biloba Extract Kaempferol Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells[J]. Journal of Surgical Research, 2008, 148(1): 17-23. DOI:10.1016/j.jss.2008.02.036 |
| [5] | YE B, APONTE M, DAI Y, et al. Ginkgo biloba and Ovarian Cancer Prevention: Epidemiological and Biological Evidence[J]. Cancer letters, 2007, 251(1): 43-52. DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2006.10.025 |
| [6] | 张扬, 朱胜男, 金晓芬, 等. 45S rDNA-FISH鉴定银杏雌雄性别[J]. 园艺学报, 2007, 34(6): 1520-1524. |
| [7] | ECHENARD V, LEFORT F, CALMIN G, et al. A New and Improved Automated Technology for Early Sex Determination of Ginkgo biloba[J]. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 2008, 34(5): 300-307. |
| [8] | BUGALA W. Sex Determination of Poplars from the Colour of the Leaf[J]. Roczn Dendrol Polsk Tow Bot, Warsz, 1951, 195(7): 13-28. |
| [9] | 王双明. 不同性别银杏植株叶片生理生化特性探析[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2006, 14(1): 49-50. |
| [10] | 杨天秀, 成明昊. 银杏叶生物学特性研究[J]. 西南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 25(4): 313-315. |
| [11] | JING J, HONG J, SHUQUAN Y, et al. Sex-Linked Photosynthetic Physiologic Research and the Evolutionary Ecological Analysis in Living Fossil Plant, Ginkgo biloba L[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28(3): 1128-1136. DOI:10.1016/S1872-2032(08)60035-9 |
| [12] | 蔡汝, 陶俊, 陈鹏, 等. 银杏雌雄株叶片光合特性, 蒸腾特性及产量的比较研究[J]. 江苏农业研究, 1999, 20(4): 78-79. |
| [13] | HETHERINGTON A M, WOODWARD F I. The Role of Stomata in Sensing and Driving Environmental Change[J]. Nature, 2003, 424(6951): 901-908. DOI:10.1038/nature01843 |
| [14] | 王双明, 李琼芳, 李庆. 雌雄银杏植株叶片生理生化特性的比较研究[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2003, 24(6): 470-472. |
| [15] | 苏静, 谈锋, 谢峻, 等. 循环高速逆流色谱从银杏叶提取物中制备异鼠李素和山奈酚[J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 31(10): 96-100. |
| [16] | 程晓建, 王白坡, 郑炳松, 等. 银杏雌雄株性别鉴别研究进展[J]. 浙江林学院学报, 2002, 19(2): 217-221. |
| [17] | 何业华. 银杏雌雄植株早期鉴定研究初报[J]. 经济林研究, 1985(2): 50-54. |
| [18] | 温银元, 王玉国, 尹美强, 等. 银杏试管苗的雌雄鉴别与调控[J]. 核农学报, 2010, 24(1): 31-35. |
| [19] | 黄茜, 陈珂, 刘霁瑶, 等. SCAR分子标记和叶形分析对银杏性别鉴定的研究[J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 38(3): 62-69. |
| [20] | 王小燕. 黄连木雌雄株间生物学特性的比较研究[D]. 洛阳: 河南科技大学, 2013. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10464-1014013125.htm |
| [21] | DAWSON T E, EHLERINGER J R. Gender-Specific Physiology, Carbon Isotope Discrimination, and Habitat Distribution in Boxelder, Acer Negundo[J]. Ecology, 1993, 74(3): 798-815. DOI:10.2307/1940807 |
| [22] | BILIA A R. Ginkgo biloba L[J]. Fitoterapia, 2002, 73(3): 276-279. DOI:10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00071-0 |
| [23] | 曹福亮. 中国银杏志[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2007. |
| [24] | 黄茜, 刘霁瑶, 曹敏, 等. 银杏性别特征表现与鉴别研究进展[J]. 果树学报, 2013, 30(6): 1065-1071. |
| [25] | 郑炳松, 严逸伦, 吴家森. 现代植物生理生化研究技术[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2006. |
| [26] | 陈立群, 李承森. 银杏(Ginkgo biloba)叶表皮特征及其气孔的发育[J]. 植物研究, 2004, 24(4): 417-422. |
| [27] | 孙稚颖, 张宪春, 崔绍梅, 等. 中国29种和泰国1种卷柏科植物的叶形态学研究及其分类学意义[J]. 植物分类学报, 2006, 44(2): 148-160. |
