不同基质和干燥方法对大球盖菇营养成分的影响
Effect of Different Substrates and Drying Methods on the Nutritional Composition of Stropharia rugosoannulata

农副产品秸秆是农业面源污染的新源头，为此国家早已提出加大秸秆还田力度和解决三农问题的号召.课题组利用农副产品桑枝和砻糠研发了3种大球盖菇基质[分别为20%桑枝加80%砻糠(记为1号)、80%桑枝加20%砻糠(记为2号)、100%桑枝(记为3号)]，并探讨其对大球盖菇产量及营养成分多糖、粗脂肪及蛋白质的影响.结果表明：2号菇平均每666.7 m产量为2 849.9 kg，显著高于其他组合.检测冷冻干燥后的干品，发现2号菇的多糖、粗脂肪、粗蛋白的平均质量分数分别为16.2%，6.05%，25.09%，均显著高于其他组合(p＜0.05).使用3种当地常用干燥方法(冷冻干燥法、晒干法、烘干法)对大球盖菇进行干燥处理，结果表明：冷冻干燥法处理的大球盖菇在此3大营养成分上均显著优于烘干法和晒干法(p＜0.05).研究发现以80%桑枝加20%砻糠组合作为大球盖菇基质，可以达到产量高、营养丰富的效果，建议推广使用.加工为高级产品时建议使用冻干的方式干燥处理大球盖菇，而加工为普通农产品时，建议选用先晾晒后烘干结合的方法干燥处理大球盖菇.
Litter or straw, a by-product in agricultural production, has become a new source of non-point pollution. To solve this problem, the Chinese government has called for the improvement of litter placement. In a study reported in this paper, three substrates were designed for Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivation, namely, substrate No 1 (20% mulberry litter + 80% rice hulls), No 2 (80% mulberry litter + 20% rice hulls) and No 3 (100% mulberry litter), and the yield of the mushroom was recorded and its nutrient components (polysaccharides, crude fat and crude protein) were analyzed. The results showed that the average yield per mu (15 mu=1 ha) was 2 849.9 kg in treatment 2 (80% mulberry litter + 20% rice hulls), which was significantly higher than that in the other two combinations. The average contents of polysaccharides, crude fat and crude protein of the freeze-dried S. rugosoannulata were 16.2%, 6.05% and 25.09%, respectively, in treatment 2, which were significantly higher than those of the other two combinations (p < 0.05). Three frequently used drying methods (freeze-drying, sun-drying and oven drying) were employed to dry the mushroom, and the nutrient components of the dried product were determined. The results showed that the three nutrient components treated by freeze-drying were significant better than those of the other two drying methods (p < 0.05). Conclusion: the substrate of 80% mulberry litter + 20% rice hulls is recommended for P. nebrodensis cultivation to realize high yield and rich nutrients of the mushroom, and the freeze-drying method is recommended when top-quality products are processed, while sun drying in combination with oven drying is recommended for large-scale mushroom processing as ordinary agricultural products