公路隧道横通道人员疏散行为及通行能力实验研究
Experimental Study on Pedestrian Behavior and Traffic Capacity of Cross Passage in Highway Tunnel

为提供公路隧道疏散通道设计依据和隧道火灾风险评估依据,建立了公路隧道横通道人员疏散实验平台,自主研发了基于视频图像的人员疏散轨迹分析软件,研究了人员在紧急逃生和正常情况行走时不同宽度(1.4~2.0 m)横通道的人员疏散行为和速度,获取了横通道不同宽度和照度条件下的人员通行能力.研究结果表明依据人员到达横通道入口的顺序,人员在横通道内行走速度逐渐减低,且减低幅度依次减小,最后进入通道人员较最早进入人员的行走速度平均降低40%~50%;不同宽度横通道内将形成不同的分层疏散人流,人员逃生速度和通行能力随着横通道宽度的增加依次增大,横通道宽度每增加0.1 m,通行通力增加约12.3~13.5人/min;在低照度条件下,横通道人员通行能力比照度良好条件下的通行能力平均降低15%,疏散人员需更加集中注意力和加强自我保护.
： In order to provide a foundation for cross passage design and fire risk evaluation in highway tunnel, an experimental platform of pedestrian evacuation from cross passages in highway tunnel was built and a software based on video image was developed to analyze pedestrian trajectories in the evacuation process. Pedestrians' evacuation behaviors and walking speeds in normal and emergency situations were studied with different cross passage widths (1.4-2.0 m), and the evacuation capacity of cross passages with different widths and illuminations was obtained based on the walking speed of pedestrians. The results show that in the order of entering the cross passage, pedestrians' walking speeds slow down, and the magnitude of speed reduction also gradually reduce. Compared with the earliest individuals to enter the cross passage, the latest individuals will reduce their walking speeds by 40%-50% in average. In addition, the width of the cross passage determines the layer numbers of pedestrians across the passage. With the passage width increasing, pedestrians' walking speed and passage traffic capacity both increase; specifically, every 0.1 m increase in the width of cross passage can bring an increase of 12.3-13.5 persons per minute in the traffic capacity. Under low illumination conditions, the traffic capacity of cross passage is about 15% lower than that in good illumination conditions, and pedestrians thus should pay more attention to enhance their self-protection