基于舒适度的公交线网优化方法
Optimization of Public Traffic Network Based on Comfort Improvement

为改善公交拥挤状况，提高车内舒适度，基于站点OD（origin destination）信息已知的基础上，提出了一种公交线网优化方法.首先，以最大路线长度和换乘次数为约束，构建以人均舒适度最大为目标的公交线网优化模型；其次，采用隶属度函数计算乘客舒适度，并绘制舒适度随乘客数变化的关系图像，以验证优化方法的合理性；最后，运用爬山算法思想，使用交换路线法与邻近线路分担法，按照"由低到高，逐段优化"的原则优化线网，通过调整路线来平衡客流，均衡不同线路公交的利用率.研究结果表明：拥挤线路各站点间舒适度标准偏差由优化前的 0.24减小为0.09，站点间的客流不均衡现象得到明显改善；乘客人均舒适度由原来的 0.84 提高到0.91，提升了8.3%.
： In order to mitigate the crowding in buses and make passengers more comfortable, an optimization method is proposed based on the OD information of bus stations. An optimization model was developed with the goal of maximizing the average passenger comfort. The maximum route length and number of transfers were also taken into account. The comfort was calculated using a membership function, and the relationship between the comfort and number of passengers was plotted to illustrate the rationality of the optimization method. Routes with poor comfort were optimized one by one from low to high comforting levels by exchanging routes and sharing passengers between adjacent lines. The goal was to balance the passenger flows to equalize the utilization of different buses by adjusting routes. An example was used to confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of this optimization method. The comfort standard deviation between stations on a crowded line decreased from 0.24 to 0.09 after the optimization. The passenger flow imbalance between stations was obviously improved. The average passenger comfort increased from 0.84 to 0.91 (8.3%)