珠江口红树林湿地海水重金属污染评价及分析
Evaluationand Analysis on Heavy Metals' Pollution in Mangrove Wetland's Seawater of the Pearl River Estuary

海水重金属是海洋环境质量评价体系中的重要因子，目前珠江口重金属污染问题突出，红树林湿地面积减少，为保护红树林海域环境、改善海水质量，探讨红树林湿地海水重金属的影响因子，对珠江口南沙红树林湿地、淇澳红树林保护区和深圳红树林保护区进行海水采集. 通过电感耦气等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES)测定样品中Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Cu、Zn含量，并基于综合指数法评价海水质量. 重金属含量分析与评价结果表明：珠江口红树林湿地海水重金属含量居前的元素是Pb、As、Cd、Hg，含量较少的是Cr、Cu、Zn；综合3个研究区域单项重金属元素的污染程度，由高到低排序为：Hg、Cd、Pb、As、Cu、Cr、Zn；南沙红树林湿地、淇澳红树林保护区、深圳红树林保护区综合指数分别是2.132、13.074、6.398，南沙红树林湿地海水重金属污染为中度污染水平，淇澳、深圳红树林保护区海水重金属污染为严重污染水平；地理位置、潮位流速、红树林湿地生态系统、产业活动影响红树林湿地海水重金属污染程度，而水质要素对红树林海水重金属影响机理较为复杂，需进一步探讨. 文中评价珠江口红树林湿地海水重金属污染程度，探讨其影响因子，对保护珠江口红树林湿地有参考价值.
： Heavy metals of seawater are important factors in marine environmental quality evaluation system. Currently, not only Pearl River has a serious heavy metal contamination problem, but also the area of mangrove wetland reduces fast. In order to protect the seawater's environment of mangrove wetland and improve seawater quality, the factors that impacted heavy metals in the mangrove wetland's seawater are explored. By sampling seawater of Nansha mangrove wetland, Qi'ao mangrove nature reserve and Shenzhen mangrove nature reserve, the content of Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Cu、Zn by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) is tested and the seawater quality based on Comprehensive Index method is evaluated. Based on the analysis and evaluation of heavy metal contents, the result shows that the most contents of heavy metal in seawater of the Pearl River's mangrove wetland are Pb,As,Cd,Hg,and the less is Cr,Cu,Zn. Integration of the three areas shows the pollution degree of heavy metal from the highest to the lowest is Hg,Cd,Pb,As,Cu,Cr,Zn. Nansha mangrove wetland, Qi'ao mangrove nature reserve and Shenzhen mangrove nature reserve's composite index are 2.132,13.074,6.398 respectively. The heavy metal pollution of seawater in Nansha mangrove wetlands is moderate pollution by evaluation. Qi'ao mangrove nature reserve and Shenzhen mangrove nature reserve are seriously polluted.Geography, tidal, velocity, the mangrove wetland ecosystems and industrial activities affect heavy metal pollution of the marine mangrove wetlands, but the seawater quality factors that impacted heavy metals in mangrove seawater is complex, and it is required further research. The pollution of heavy metals in mangrove seawater of the Pearl River Estuary is evaluated in this paper, and it has certain reference value to protect the Pearl River Estuary mangrove wetlands