大气圈氧气上升与生物进化：一个重要的地球生物学过程
The Rise of Atmosphere Oxygen and the Biological Evolution:An Important Geobiological Process

摘要： 以生氧光合作用为主造成的大气圈氧气上升，与生物进化存在着密切的成因联系。在大气圈氧气含量明显上升之前，微生物在地球大气圈演化中可能起着主要作用，形成了埃迪卡拉纪之前的微生物世界；甚至到今天，这些细菌以及其他的微体藻类，一直在向地球的大气圈提供氧气，而且在海洋中进行着艰苦的固氮作用。早期很少受到动物影响的生物圈，与现代动物所占据的生物圈(后生动物世界)明显不同，这个转变随着埃迪卡拉纪—寒武纪器官级别的动物辐射而发生，动物辐射造成了宏观生态和宏观进化表现的根本性变化。因此，地球大气圈的氧气上升，实际上是一个复杂的地球生物学过程；追索这个复杂的地球生物学过程所产生的环境变化及其与生物进化与革新之间的成因联系，对深入了解地球复杂的演变历史将提供一些重要线索和思考途径。
Abstract: The rise of atmosphere oxygen that is chiefly resulted from the oxygenic photosynthesis illustrates a genetically consanguineous relation with the biological evolution. Microorganisms may also have played a major role in atmosphere evolution before the rise of oxygen, which shapes a microbial world before the Ediacaran. Even in today, these bacteria, as well as microscopic algae, supply oxygen to the atmosphere and churn out fixed nitrogen in Earths vast oceans. Earlier, less animalinfluenced biospheres worked quite differently from the one currently occupied, with the EdiacaranCambrian radiation of organgrade animals marking a fundamental shift in macroecological and macroevolutionary expression. Therefore, the rise of the atmosphere oxygen is actually a sophisticated geobiological process. Tracing the complex relationship between evolution and environmental change that is caused by the rise of the atmosphere oxygen will provide some important thinking approaches and researching clues for the further understanding of the sophisticatedly evolutionary history of the Eart