北京市可吸入大气颗粒物中Pb的浓度分布特征研究
The Concentration Distribution Characteristics of Pb in Inhalable Particulate Matters in Beijing

摘要： 本研究以取暖期和停暖后北京市主要功能区及郊区的可吸入大气颗粒物为研究对象，重点对比了市区与郊区、市区内不同功能区的PM10、PM25的浓度分布特征以及重金属元素Pb在其中的浓度分布特征。结果表明：可吸入大气颗粒物的浓度在取暖期间远高于停暖后的浓度，雾霾天气时可吸入大气颗粒物的浓度是非雾霾时的174~256倍。取暖期间，Pb在PM10中的浓度明显远高于PM25中的浓度，北京市区内Pb浓度较郊区要高，尤其是建材厂区可吸入大气颗粒物中的Pb浓度最高，商业区次之；停暖后，Pb在PM10和PM25中的浓度相当，建材厂区可吸入大气颗粒物中Pb浓度依然是功能区中最高的，但整体上郊区可吸入大气颗粒物中Pb的浓度和市区相差不大。对比分析2007年和2013年的数据，可以估算出，可吸入大气颗粒物PM10中Pb的浓度以每年978%的速度在增长，PM25中Pb的浓度以每年1145%的速度在增长。因此，北京市可吸入大气颗粒物中Pb的增长问题应引起相关部门的重视。
Abstract: Based on the concentration distribution characteristics of inhalable particulate matters during heating period and after heating period of Beijing, the comparison of the concentration of PM10, PM25 and concentration characteristics of Pb in the urban and rural areas of Beijing, as well as the different functional areas in the urban was focused. It was found that the concentration of the inhalable particulate matters was much higher during heating period. It was 174 to 256 times in the smog weather than the nonsmog weather. During heating period, the concentration of Pb was much higher in the PM10 than that in the PM25 and its concentration in the urban areas was higher than the rural areas, especially the concentration of inhalable particulate matters in the building materials factory area was the highest among the functional areas, and the second was the commercial area. After heating period, there was little difference of the concentration of Pb in PM10 and PM25. Although the concentration of Pb in the building materials factory area was still the highest, the concentration in the urban and rural areas has little difference as a whole. It can be estimated that the concentration of Pb in PM10 and in PM25has grown at a rate of 978% and 1145% every year separately by comparing the data of the year of 2007 with 2013s. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the concentration increase of the Pb in the inhalable particulate matters of Beijing by relevant departments