纳米结构矿物的特殊结构和表-界面反应性
Unique Structure and SurfaceInterface Reactivity of Nanostructured Minerals

纳米矿物是纳米地球科学(Nanogeoscience)的核心研究对象之一.鉴于“纳米矿物”的概念在实际运用时较宽泛，有时与经典定义不符，建议用“纳米结构矿物”代替“纳米矿物”，并简析了纳米结构矿物(Nanostructured Minerals)的概念.以管状纳米结构矿物(埃洛石和伊毛缟石)、球状纳米结构矿物(水铝英石)、层间纳米结构矿物(蒙脱石和伊/蒙混层矿物)和多孔纳米结构矿物(硅藻质蛋白石)为例，分析了纳米结构矿物的结构、表面基团的特殊性及其所衍生的特殊界面反应性，讨论了它们对矿物资源利用和油气生成等地球物质循环过程的重要意义.
Research on naturally occurring nanosized minerals is a central domain of Nanogeoscience. However, the use of the concept “Nanominerals” is acutally not as strict as it is supposed, i.e., sometimes the use of the concept is inconsistent with the classical definition of “Nanominerals”. In this paper, the concept “Nanostructured Minerals” is proposed to replace the concept “Nanominerals”, and a brief description on the suggested concept, as well as a related discussion, is given. A definition of the term, nanostructured minerals is proposed and discussed. Exemplified by the tubular nanostructured minerals (halloysite and imogolite), the globular nanostructured mineral (allophane) and the porous nanostructured mineral (diatomaceous opal-A), the unique structure and surface-interface reactivity of nanostructured minerals are comprehensively discussed. The role of the above-mentioned uniqueness in the applications of the nanostructured minerals is summarized. In addition, the functions of the interlayer nanostructure exhibited by some nanostructured minerals such as montmorillonite on the earth matter circle (hydrocarbon generation and shale gas storage) are discussed