N-氧化物的应用和直接合成方法
Applications and direct synthesis approaches of N-oxides

N-氧化物是一类具有广泛生物活性的化合物，常用于各种药物合成的中间体或者本身就是药物；同时它们也可以作为有机化工中间体和催化剂等，在有机合成上起到非常重要的作用。传统的制备N-氧化物的方法是采用合适的氧化剂对含氮化合物进行N-氧化。此外，用直接合成方法，即在生成含氮化合物的同时发生N-氧化，也可以得到相应的N-氧化物。由于直接合成方法的一些优势和传统方法的诸多缺陷，本文着重总结了包括嘧啶类N-氧化物和喹喔啉类N-氧化物等在内的十类N-氧化物的直接合成方法，并简述了它们的应用。
N-oxides are a class of compounds with a wide range of biological activity, commonly used as drugs or various pharmaceutical synthesis intermediates; In addition, they also can be used as organic chemical intermediates or catalyst and play a very important role in organic synthesis. The traditional approaches to prepare N-oxides is via oxidation of nitrogen in nitrogen-containing compounds with suitable oxidant. Besides, by direct synthesis approaches, namely generating the nitrogen-containing compounds, the N-oxidation occurs simultaneously, can also to give the corresponding N-oxides. Considering the advantages of direct synthesis approaches and the disadvantages of traditional approaches, this paper especially summarized the direct synthesis approaches of ten kinds of N-oxides, such as pyrimidine N-oxides and quinoxaline N-oxides, etc. Further more, the applications of the ten kinds of N-oxides were described