藏红花废弃物挥发油提取分离方法及抗氧化活性的初步研究
The Study on Different Extraction Methods and Antioxidant Activity of Volatile Oil from Saffron Bio-residues

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法、超声辅助浸提法和索氏提取法三种方式提取藏红花废弃物(花瓣及雄蕊)中的挥发油，用GC-MS分离鉴定成分并测定各成分的相对含量。结果显示水蒸汽蒸馏法、超声辅助浸提法和索氏提取法分别分离鉴定出43、27、21种组分，共有化合物49种，其中主要成分为棕榈酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸等。３种提取方法所得挥发油有6种相同成分。水蒸汽蒸馏法提取组分中含有如芳樟醇、优葛缕酮、柏木脑等独有成分，且藏红花醛含量可达40.31%，索氏提取法挥发油提取率最高，为6.04%。DPPH实验表明，水蒸汽提取物在280 μg/ml时清除率效果表现最佳为44.17%。还原力测定实验及总抗氧化能力实验中，索氏提取物表现出的抗氧化能力最强。
The extraction of volatile oil was performed by water vapor distillation, ultrasonic and Soxhlet extraction from saffron bio-residue. 49 kinds of compounds were identified in total and the relative content in percentage were calculated with area normalization by GC-MS. Three methods can extract 43, 27 and 21 kinds of components respectively and share 6 components together. The main components are palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid. In contrast, water vapor distillation can harvest showed the most variety of components such as linalol，eucarvone and cedrol etc.. What’s more, the relative content of safranal was 40.31%. Soxhlet extraction can show the highest extraction rate. In the experiment of antioxident activity, three extracts were tested by DPPH, reducing power and T-AOC for antioxidant measurement, respectively. The clearance rate of water vapor distillation extracts reached 44.17%, which was the highest in the three extraction methods when the steam distillation’s extract concentration at 280μg/ml. The extract by Soxhlet extraction showed the best result in reducing power and T-AOC tests