全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Rice Tolerance to Saflufenacil in Clomazone Weed Control Program

DOI: 10.1155/2011/402461

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

This research was conducted to evaluate (1) rice tolerance to saflufenacil applied preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) and (2) the combination of saflufenacil and clomazone in light-textured soils. No injury from PRE application of saflufenacil was observed in 2009, and minimal injury for saflufenacil alone was observed in 2010. Injury as high as 68% was observed with combinations of 505?g?ha?1 of clomazone applied PRE and 50?g?ha?1 of saflufenacil applied POST in 2009 early evaluations. No interaction between clomazone and POST saflufenacil rates was observed in 2010. Rice injury intensified with increasing rates of saflufenacil applied POST. However, rice recovered with time for herbicide treatments applied PRE and POST in both years. Consequently, rice yield was not affected by any of the saflufenacil rates applied either PRE or POST in a clomazone weed control program. 1. Introduction Rice is a staple food in numerous countries around the world. Rice consumption provides more calories than any other single food [1], serving daily as a source of carbohydrate, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals [2, 3]. Rice yield is on an upward path to achieve higher worldwide production as indicated by data compiled in the last ten years by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Production increased from 599 million tons in 2000 to 685 million tons in 2009 [4]. However, current supply trends are considered insufficient to track projected demand as the world population continues to rise [5]. Crop management will be even more important in production areas in order to maintain and/or expand rice production. In the United States, 1.07 million hectares were harvested resulting in the production of 8.5 million tons of rice in the crop season of 2011 [6]. The southern states of Arkansas, California, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, and Missouri primarily contributed to this production. As weeds are one of the most important biological factors limiting rice production [7], weed management is crucial to maximize rice yield potential. Several annual grasses and broadleaf species are considered troublesome weeds in United States rice regions [8]. In Arkansas, the largest-producing state, barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) was reported to be the most problematic grassy weed [9]. In the same survey, clomazone was described to be the most regularly recommended preemergence (PRE) herbicide. Clomazone is a relatively recent herbicide in rice, with commercialization occurring at the beginning of the century [10, 11]. This herbicide is metabolized to the 5-keto

References

[1]  D. Kennedy, “The importance of rice,” Science, vol. 296, no. 5565, p. 13, 2002.
[2]  B. Lin, Z. Tan, G. Xiao et al., “Evaluation of compositional and nutritional equivalence of genetically modified rice to conventional rice using in situ and in vitro techniques,” Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 89, no. 9, pp. 1490–1497, 2009.
[3]  M. Walter, E. Marchezan, and L. A. De Avila, “Rice: composition and nutritional characteristics,” Ciencia Rural, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 1184–1192, 2008.
[4]  FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, “Statistics, FAOSTAT-Agriculture, Production, Crops,” 2011, http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/default.aspx#ancor.
[5]  M. Aureus and L. Reyes, “Rice for future generations,” Rice Today, pp. 12–15, 2011.
[6]  USDA, United States Department of Agriculture, “Producers, Data and Statistics, Reports by Commodity,” 2011, http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/index.php.
[7]  K. Saito, “Weed pressure level and the correlation between weed competitiveness and rice yield without weed competition: an analysis of empirical data,” Field Crops Research, vol. 117, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2010.
[8]  T. Webster, “Weed survey-southern states,” Proceedings Southern Weed Science Society, vol. 53, pp. 247–274, 2000.
[9]  J. K. Norsworthy, N. R. Burgos, R. C. Scott, and K. L. Smith, “Consultant perspectives on weed management needs in Arkansas rice,” Weed Technology, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 832–839, 2007.
[10]  H. R. Mitchell and E. V. Gage, “Command 3 ME: weed control in southern rice,” Proceedings Southern Weed Science Society, vol. 52, p. 186, 1999.
[11]  R. E. Talbert and N. R. Burgos, “History and management of herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in Arkansas rice,” Weed Technology, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 324–331, 2007.
[12]  S. A. Senseman, Herbicide Handbook, Weed Science Society of America, Lawrence, Kan, USA, 9th edition, 2007.
[13]  E. F. Scherder, R. E. Talbert, and S. D. Clark, “Rice (Oryza sativa) cultivar tolerance to clomazone,” Weed Technology, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 140–144, 2004.
[14]  S. D. Willingham, N. R. Falkenberg, G. N. McCauley, and J. M. Chandler, “Early postemergence clomazone tank mixes on coarse-textured soils in rice,” Weed Technology, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 565–570, 2008.
[15]  E. P. Webster, F. L. Baldwin, and T. L. Dillon, “The potential for clomazone use in rice (Oryza sativa),” Weed Technology, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 390–393, 1999.
[16]  A. M. Baltazar and R. J. Smith Jnr, “Propanil-resistant barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) control in rice (Oryza sativa),” Weed Technology, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 576–581, 1994.
[17]  M. S. Malik, N. R. Burgos, and R. E. Talbert, “Confirmation and control of propanil-resistant and quinclorac-resistant barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in rice,” Weed Technology, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 226–233, 2010.
[18]  P. H. Sikkema, C. Shropshire, and N. Soltani, “Tolerance of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oats (Avena sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to saflufenacil,” Crop Protection, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 1495–1497, 2008.
[19]  N. Soltani, C. Shropshire, and P. H. Sikkema, “Response of corn to preemergence and postemergence applications of saflufenacil,” Weed Technology, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 331–334, 2009.
[20]  N. Soltani, C. Shropshire, and P. H. Sikkema, “Sensitivity of leguminous crops to saflufenacil,” Weed Technology, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 143–146, 2010.
[21]  P. W. Geier, P. W. Stahlman, and L. D. Charvat, “Dose responses of five broadleaf weeds to saflufenacil,” Weed Technology, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 313–316, 2009.
[22]  R. A. Liebl, H. Walter, S. J. Bowe, T. J. Holt, and D. E. Westberg, “BAS 800H: a new herbicide for preplant burndown and preemergence dicot weed control,” Proceedings Weed Science Society of America, vol. 48, p. 120, 2008.
[23]  K. Grossmann, R. Niggeweg, N. Christiansen, R. Looser, and T. Ehrhardt, “The herbicide saflufenacil (Kixor) is a new inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase activity,” Weed Science, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2010.
[24]  D. J. Lyon and A. R. Kniss, “Proso millet tolerance to saflufenacil,” Weed Technology, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 349–355, 2010.
[25]  J. C. Frihauf, P. W. Stahlman, and P. W. Geier, “Winter wheat and weed response to postemergence saflufenacil alone and in mixtures,” Weed Technology, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 262–268, 2010.
[26]  J. C. Frihauf, P. W. Stahlman, P. W. Geier, and D. E. Peterson, “Winter annual broadleaf weeds and winter wheat response to postemergence application of two saflufenacil formulations,” Weed Technology, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 416–424, 2010.
[27]  S. Z. Knezevic, A. Datta, J. Scott, and L. D. Charvat, “Tolerance of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to pre-emergence and post-emergence application of saflufenacil,” Crop Protection, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 148–152, 2010.
[28]  P. A. Counce, T. C. Keisling, and A. J. Mitchell, “A uniform, objectives, and adaptive system for expressing rice development,” Crop Science, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 436–443, 2000.
[29]  M. O. Way, Texas Rice Production Guidelines, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension, and United States Department of Agriculture, Beaumont, Tex, USA, 2010.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133