地铁隧道矿山法施工事故风险分析与评价
Risk analysis and evaluation of mine tunnel construction accidents

通过分析100个城市地铁隧道建设期安全事故发现，坍塌占事故总量的55%，造成人员伤亡占事故总人员伤亡的55.9%，在此统计基础上，采用有限元强度折减法与点估算法理论相结合分析岩土体强度指标c和φ值变化对坍塌造成的影响，并且以青岛地铁3号线典型坍塌案例，运用FLAC3D软件模拟事故的发生。研究结果表明：地铁隧道坍塌原因复杂，但根本原因是由于岩土体强度参数变化导致围岩自稳能力差引起，青岛地铁隧道由于大气降水导致岩土体强度弱，出现坍塌事故。给出地铁隧道建设期的结论与建议，主要包括加强地质超前预报、做好沿线地质调查、选择合理的开挖方式和重视监控量测工作等。
Through the analysis of accident samples of 100 urban subway tunnel construction projects, it was found that 55% of the total accidents were caused by collapse, which accounted for 55.9% of the total casualties. On the basis of this statistic, the influences of c, φ values of rock and soil strength index on the collapse were analyzed by combining the strength reduction method of FEM and point estimation method. The FLAC3D software program was used to simulate the occurrence of the accident in Qingdao Metro Line 3. The study found that the reasons of a subway tunnel collapse are complex, but the root cause is due to changes in rock and soil strength parameters caused by poor stability of the surrounding rock. The collapse of Qingdao Metro tunnel is due to weak rock and soil strength resulted from precipitation. Finally, the conclusions and suggestions of subway tunnel construction are provided, mainly including enhancing geological forecast, completing the geological survey, choosing reasonable excavation methods along the way, emphasizing the monitoring work, etc