机车用折板式通风除尘器性能的数值研究
Numerical study on performance of plate-type dust filter for locomotive ventilation

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对机车用折板式除尘器内的气固两相流动进行数值模拟,分析不同板间距。进气速度。颗粒直径对除尘效率和压力损失的影响。模拟结果表明:除尘效率随板间距的增大而降低,对于直径6 μm的小颗粒,除尘效率随进气速度的增大而升高,而对于直径大于30 μm的颗粒,除尘效率随进气速度的增大而降低,除尘效率随颗粒直径的增大先升高后降低且对直径为60 μm的颗粒去除效果最佳;压力损失随板间距的增大而降低,随进气速度的增大而升高,随颗粒直径的增大变化较小;在挡尘钩上端存在回流区,使压力损失升高,增加板间距可减小回流区降低压力损失;在相同工况下对比3种不同结构的除尘器发现,折板式除尘器的总体性能要优于GL式和V-V式除尘器。
The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to numerically simulate the gas-solid two-phase flow in a plate-type dust filter. The influence of dust separation efficiency and pressure loss under different plate spacings, gas velocities and particle diameters was analyzed. The results of numerical simulation show that the dust separation efficiency decreases with the increase of plate spacing, the separation efficiency of small particles with diameter of 6 μm increases with the increase of gas velocity, the separation efficiency of particles with diameter greater than 30 μm decreases with the increase of gas velocity, the efficiency of dust separation increases first and then decreases with the increase of particle diameter, and the separation efficiency of particles with diameter of 60 μm is the best. The pressure loss decreases with the increase of plate spacing and increases with the increase of gas velocity, and the change is smaller with the increase of particle diameter. There is a backflow zone at the upper end of the dust hook, which increases the pressure loss, and increasing the plate spacing can reduce the backflow zone and then reduce the pressure loss. It is found from the comparison among the three types of dust filter with various structures in the same operating condition that the general performance of the plate-type dust filter is better than those of GL type and V-V type dust filters