基于社会福利最大化的PPP模式下城市轨道交通票价优化
Optimal ticket pricing of urban railway transit with Public-Private Partnership aiming at maximum welfare

公私合营模式(PPP)已经成为政府提供城市轨道交通服务的重要方式之一,城市轨道交通客票定价是影响PPP模式下城市轨道交通项目成功实施的关键因素。基于PPP模式的特点,从社会福利最大化的角度建立模型,对PPP模式下城市轨道交通票价进行优化。模型综合考虑了项目特许经营期。投资回报率和政府补贴等关键因素,以项目公司剩余和乘客剩余之和最大为目标,以票价作为决策变量。基于模型的多目标非线性规划特征,运用Lingo软件进行求解,得出特许经营期内社会福利最大化的城市轨道交通PPP项目票价。数值算例求出某地铁PPP项目在未来25年特许经营期内使社会福利最大化的票价,为政府评估PPP模式下的城市轨道交通票价提供参考。
Public-private partnership model (PPP) is the important means to provide the public product or service, especially the urban rail transit. Under the PPP model, the pricing issue of the urban rail transit project is the key issues whether this project can be successfully implemented or not. On the basis of the characteristics of PPP model, this paper sets the model from the perspective of social welfare maximization, and optimizes the price of urban rail transit under the PPP model. This model takes into account the project franchise period, the return on investment, government subsidies and other key factors, and takes the maximization of the surplus of the project company and the passengers as the objective, takes the price as the decision variable, sets the multi-objective nonlinear programming model. Finally, the author selects the case to do the practice verification and analysis, and to calculate the PPP price of the urban rail transit project which will make the social welfare maximization during the franchise period. This proves the applicability of the model, and offers the reference for the government to assess the ticket of the urban rail transit under the PPP model