高速列车阻力、升力与头部外形参数映射关系研究
Research on the mapping relations between the drag and lift properties and the shape parameters of a high-speed train

采用三维、不可压N-S方程和k-ε湍流模型,计算不同流线型长度、剖面型线和局部参数等46种外形列车在明线运行的阻力和升力气动性能。研究结果表明:流线型长度从8 m增加到12 m,阻力系数减少2%,升力系数减少21.6%;合理优化头部纵剖面线形状可以使阻力系数减少0.94%,升力系数减少3.57%;与较宽型线相比,采用较尖的头部水平剖面线形状可以使阻力系数减少1.3%,升力系数减少3.6%;与较宽横截面侧边间距相比,减少横截面侧边线间距可以使阻力系数减少1.4%,升力系数减少3.6%。鼻尖高度的降低,鼻锥宽度的变窄,都会使列车阻力系数和升力系数减少,随着前窗高度的增加,阻力呈现先减少、后增大的趋势,前窗高度为2.4 m时,阻力系数最少。其研究结果可为高速列车的外形设计提供参考依据。
The paper studies the drag force and lift force of 46 kinds of trains with different nose shape by using 3D incompressible k-ε turbulent model, and the relationship between the aerodynamic performances and the train nose parameters are established. The results show that: when the streamline length increases from 8 m to 12 m, the drag coefficient decreases 2%, and the lift coefficient decreases 21.6%. When the shape of longitudinal profile line is optimized, the drag coefficient decreases 0.94%, and the lift coefficient decreases 3.57%. Compared with the tympaniform type, acuate shape of horizontal profile can make the drag coefficient decrease 1.3%, and the lift coefficient decrease 3.6%. Compared with the wide distance of the side edge of the cross-section, the decrease of distance can make the drag coefficient decrease 1.4%, and the lift coefficient decrease 3.6%. With the decrease height of the nose tip and the width of the nose cone, the drag and lift coefficient decrease. When the height of the front window is 2.4 m, the drag coefficient is the smallest. The above results may provide the reference for the shape design of the high-speed train