机会进化、效果推理与移动互联微创新——对手机APP新创企业的多案例研究
Model Opportunity Evolution, Effectuation and Micro-Innovation in Mobile Internet Industry ——A Multiple-Case Study of Mobile APP Start-Ups

摘要 “机会发现”与“机会创造”的观点一直存在激烈争论，但两种观点都无法有效解释移动互联领域微创新涌现的现象。根据创业机会前沿文献和效果推理理论，对移动APP新创企业进行了多案例探索性研究，建构了一个新颖的“机会进化”模型，不仅调和了“发现”和“创造”的争论，而且给予“微创新”现象以新的理论诠释。跨案例研究的结果阐明了从“原型机会”到“框定机会”进而到“进化中机会”的动态演进过程，并揭示了在奈特不确定环境下，创业者采纳的效果推理逻辑与企业微创新之间的联系，从而在理论上加深了对机会演化的认识，并为企业家参与移动互联竞争提供了理论指导。
There are always conflicts between the idea of schools of “Opportunity discovery” and “Opportunity creation”. However, neither of these arguments could explain the emergence of micro-innovation in the Mobile Internet industry effectively. Based on the leading literature of entrepreneurship and effectuation theory, we conducted an empirical research on Mobile Application Start-ups, and then constructed a novel model on “Opportunity evolution”, trying to reconcile the debate of “Opportunity discovery” and “Opportunity creation”, and interpret the phenomenon of micro-innovation in a new way. The result of multiple-case study shows a dynamic evolution process from a “prototype opportunity” to a “framed opportunity”, and a “evolutionary opportunity”, which reveals the relationship between effectuation logics adopted by entrepreneurs and micro-innovation. This study not only deepens the knowledge on opportunity evolution, but also provides guidance for entrepreneurs in Mobile Internet industry