科学哲学视角下管理学的学科属性、理论拓展与范式整合
Research on the Discipline Attribute, Theoretical Extension and Paradigm Integration of Management in the View of Philosophy of Science

摘要 从科学哲学视角来审视管理理论主导逻辑的变迁，可以发现理性和科学化在管理学中具有难以逾越的边界。为审视管理的理性化程度，以抽象的知识形式、权力形态及主导性的逻辑依据而非具体的文本内容考察管理思想史，支配组织和管理运行的情感逻辑与计算逻辑经历了“融合—分裂—再融合”的演变过程。中国传统的和合精神提供了一种从根源上融通理性与感性的人性观，提供了化解管理学的逻辑悖论及范式冲突的思想资源。以“范式”为学科检视的核心，相关科学哲学理论为基础，建构“人性-范式-学科属性”的分析框架。研究发现，建立在人性三维结构之上的管理学科体系，是管理科学、管理伦理与管理艺术“三位一体”的综合性知识，管理学是自然科学、社会科学与人文学科综合交叉的，以解决问题为导向的应用学科。本研究有助于整合管理研究的科学主义与人文主义两种冲突性范式，厘清中国本土管理研究的合法性及努力方向。
From the perspective of philosophy of science to examine the evolvement of the dominant logics of management theory, there is a formidable boundary for management’s scientific attribute. Based on knowledge forms, power forms and dominant logic rather than the classical content, it is found that Emotion Logic and Calculation Logic experienced the process of harmony, abruption, and then fusion again in the history of management thoughts. As the essence of Chinese traditional culture, harmonious spirit realizes harmony between rationality and affection in root, which gives us much enlightenment to resolve the logical paradox in organization and management. This paper sets up a comprehensive framework between human nature, paradigms and discipline attributes, based on scientific philosophy theory of Kuhn and lakatos, which can give us further perspective of the attributes of management. Sensibility, rationality and morality are the main three parts of human nature, which regulate the scientific, moral and artistic attributes of management. Management discipline which purpose is to solve practical problems with comprehensive knowledge should include management science, management ethics and management arts. This paper helps to integrate management paradigms between scientism and humanism, and establish the legitimacy of Chinese management’s indigenous research