创业成长意愿的制度约束及缓解机制
The Institutional Constraint and Releasing Mechanism on Entrepreneurial Growth Willingness

摘要 基于制度和资源依赖理论，研究了创业成长意愿与感知的正式与非正式制度环境的直接关系及社会资本与人力资本对此关系的调节作用。对2012年第10次全国私营企业调查数据库中的1 221家新创企业样本数据的分析表明，当感知的创业过程复杂性和市场信用环境恶劣性越高时，创业者表现出更低的成长意愿，揭示了差的制度环境对创业成长意愿的约束作用。调节作用检验显示，具有人大代表身份的政治关联可以缓解差的市场信用环境对创业成长意愿的抑制作用，高人力资本创业者的成长意愿对制度环境的依赖更低。研究表明，中国转型经济下创业者的成长意愿受到制度环境与企业家行为的共同作用，社会资本和人力资本在一定程度上可以作为创业者应对制度风险和制度约束的替代机制。
Based on Institutional Theory and Resource Dependency Theory, this study examines the direct relationship between formal/informal institutional environment and entrepreneurial growth willingness, as well as the moderating effect of entrepreneurs’ social and human capital. Using a sample of 1 221 new ventures from Chinese Private Enterprise Survey in 2012, the results show that the more complex of entrepreneurial process and the worse of market credit, entrepreneurs would have lower growth intention, revealing the binding effect of bad institutional context on entrepreneurial growth willingness. The moderating effect shows that political ties through NPC member would weaken the negative relationship between market credit environment and entrepreneurial growth intention, and entrepreneurs with high human capital are less dependent on institutional environment. The study indicates that in Chinese emerging economy, entrepreneurs’ growth willingness is influenced by institutional environment and entrepreneurs’ behavior, while human capital and social capital, to some extent, work as substitution mechanism for institutional risk and constraint