人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染血清抗体阳性后能迅速进入大脑导致HIV相关神经认知疾病(HAND)。HAND的临床前期诊断较为困难,而无创磁共振成像(MRI)检查有成为生物标记物的潜能。本文综述一些神经成像技术在HIV阳性个体的应用,包括质子磁共振波谱(1 H MRS)、基于体素形态学分析(VBM)、扩散张量成像(DTI)和功能磁共振成像(fMRI)。这些神经成像方法可以用于早期检测和干预不同程度HAND,研究HAND功能、结构损伤及其发生机制,监测高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)疗效,基于神经成像可以找到评估HAND早期、敏感的可视化生物标记物
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