Catherino H A,Feres F F,Trinidad F,et al.Sulfation in lead-acid batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2004,129(1):113-120.
[2]
Cachet-Vivier C,Keddam M,Vivier V,et al.Development of cavity microelectrode devices and their uses in various research fields[J].Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry,2013,688:12-19.
[3]
Zhang B,Zhong J,Li W J,et al.Transformation of inert PbSO4deposit on the negative electrode of a leadacid battery into its active state[J].Journal of Power Sources,2010,195(13):4338-4343.
[4]
Pavlov D,Nikolov P,Rogachev T.Influence of expander components on the processes at the negative plates of lead-acid cells on high-rate partial-state-ofcharge cycling.PartⅡ.Effect of carbon additives on the processes of charge and discharge of negative plates[J].Journal of Power Sources,2010,195(14):4444-4457.
[5]
Cachet-Vivier C,Vivier V,Cha C S,et al.Electrochemistry of powder material studied by means of the cavity microelectrode(CME)[J].Electrochimica Acta,2001,47(1-2):181-189.
[6]
覃文庆,刘辉,孙伟.由方铅矿精矿直接制备硫酸铅粉末材料的方法[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,36(3):407-411.Qin W Q,Liu H,Sun W.Method of direct preparation of lead sulfate powders from galena concentrates[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2005,36(3):407-411(Ch).
[7]
钟乃良,时蕊.硫酸铅产品质量影响因素的研究[J].黑龙江科技学院学报,2001,11(3):20-22.Zhong N L,Shi R.Research on the factors affecting the quality of lead sulfate[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Institute of Science&Technology,2001,11(3):20-22(Ch).
[8]
Vivier V,Cachet-Vivier C,Mezaille S,et al.Electrochemical study of Bi2O3and Bi2O2CO3 by means of a cavity microelectrode.ⅠObserved phenomena and direct analysis of results[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2000,147(11),4252-4262.
[9]
Gibson I K,Peters K.Sulphation in discharged leadacid batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,1982,8:143-157.
[10]
Cha C S,Li C M,Yang H X,et al.Powder microelectrodes[J].Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry,1994,368(1-2):47-54.
[11]
Ruetschi P.Aging mechanisms and service life of lead acid batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2004,127(1-2):33-44.
[12]
Kanamura K,Takehara Z I.Microscopic reaction site model for cathodic reduction of lead sulfate to lead[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,1992,139(2):345-351.
[13]
Gun J P,Fiorina J N,Fraisse M,et al.Increasing UPS battery life-Main failure modes,charging and monitoring solutions[C]//19th International Telecommunications Energy Conference.Danvers:IEEE,1997:389-396.
[14]
Vermesan H,Hirai N,Shiota M,et al.Effect of barium sulfate and strontium sulfate on charging and discharging of the negative electrode in a lead-acid battery[J].Journal of Power Sources,2004,133(1):52-58.
[15]
Lam L T,Ozgun H,Lim O V,et al.Pulsed-current charging of lead/acid batteries—A possible means for overcoming premature capacity loss[J].Journal of Power Sources,1995,53(2):215-228.
[16]
Shi Y,Ferone C A,Rahn C D.Identification and remediation of sulfation in lead-acid batteries using cell voltage and pressure sensing[J].Journal of Power Sources,2013,221:177-185.
[17]
Takehara Z I.Dissolution and precipitation reactions of lead sulfate in positive and negative electrodes in lead acid battery[J].Journal of Power Sources,2000,85(1):29-37.