重金属Cd-Cu复合污染对苍耳生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响 Effects of Heavy Metal Cd-Cu Combined Pollution on the Growth and Fluorescence Characteristics of Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder
采用盆栽土培法研究Cd(0～50mg/kg)单一污染及与Cu(0～500mg/kg)复合污染对苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder)生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。生长特性研究结果表明:Cd(<30mg/kg)与Cu(<50mg/kg)复合污染时,生长指标(生物量、根系表面积及株高)显著大于单一Cu或Cd污染下的生长指标,且随着Cd与Cu复合浓度的增加而逐渐下降;Cd与Cu复合污染在低浓度下表现为拮抗效应,高浓度下表现为协同作用。生理特性研究结果表明:与单一Cd污染相比,Cd(<50mg/kg)与Cu(<50mg/kg)复合污染时,最大荧光产量(Fm)、光化学效率(Fv/Fm)及电子传递速率(ETR)明显较大,而初始荧光(Fo)明显较小(p<0.05),表明Cu能一定程度上缓解Cd对苍耳的毒害作用。苍耳对重金属的富集及转移系数计算结果表明:与单一Cd污染相比,Cd(<15mg/kg)与Cu(<100mg/kg)复合污染时,苍耳对Cd的富集系数明显较大,表明Cu能有效促进苍耳对Cd的富集;Cd(<50mg/kg)与Cu(<100mg/kg)复合污染时,苍耳对Cd的转移系数明显较小,表明Cu不能有效促进苍耳把Cd从地下部转移到地上部。苍耳可以考虑作为修复Cd-Cu复合污染的候选植物种之一
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