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- 2017
高斯函数在香港地区对流层层析实验中的应用
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Abstract:
将GPS信号的斜路径湿延迟当作层析的观测量能够有效获取对流层的三维水汽场。由于射线分布的不均匀和观测网地形的扁平，观测方程是不适定的，因此需要添加一些约束条件来确定唯一解。由于水汽在垂直方向变化很快，合理的垂直约束在获取准确的水汽场上起着重要作用。研究了香港地区湿折射率的垂直分布特征，发现高斯函数能很好地表达湿折射率与高度的关系，利用高斯函数建立约束方程获得的层析解能很好地与探空数据和欧洲中尺度天气预报中心（ECMWF）数据吻合。相对于指数约束所得结果，层析湿折射率的标准差在整个对流层减小了3.8 mm/km，在低对流层减小了4.7 mm/km。实验也表明，利用其他气象数据，如无线电探空数据，作为湿折射率的先验信息，也可以得到较好的层析解
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