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- 2018
自主卫星导航的空间基准维持
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Abstract:
基于星间测距的自主定轨必然存在星座的整体旋转和漂移，即存在星座空间基准的衰减问题，因此，卫星星座的空间基准维持是自主定轨的主要目标，也是自主定轨的核心问题之一。重点讨论卫星自主定轨中的空间基准维持方法，系统分析星地观测、星间/星地组合观测和星间观测3种观测模式下的卫星轨道参数估计方法，及其对应的空间基准维持方式；提出卫星自主定轨强基准和弱基准概念。强基准是指在星地观测或星间/星地组合观测条件下，强化地面高精度基准站坐标的定轨方式，此时卫星星座基准与地面跟踪站基准一致；弱基准是指在仅有星间链路观测条件下，采用卫星轨道信息先验弱约束的定轨方式，即弱基准是以先验轨道所对应的卫星星座的几何重心建立的。强基准充分利用了星间、星地观测网中的各类信息，计算结果可靠且精度稳定，而弱基准虽然缺少地面观测信息，但先验卫星轨道同样是基于地面跟踪网精密定轨得到的，对卫星空间基准的维持同样可靠，且定轨计算更为简单。采用北斗试验星实测数据，分别开展无基准、弱基准和强基准支持下的自主定轨试验，试验结果表明，弱基准中仅对卫星轨道倾角和升交点赤经进行先验弱约束即可抵偿卫星星座的旋转和漂移，但定轨精度略低于强基准支持下的定轨精度。在无地面跟踪系统支持的特定环境下，建议采用弱基准方法，实现真正意义上的自主定轨
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