In this 5-yr study, application frequency of fresh (FDS) and composted (CDS) paper sludges was evaluated on soil properties and silage corn (Zea mays L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yields and N uptake by comparing one application (2000) with repeated applications (2000, 2001, 2002). Treatments consisted of a control with neither amendment nor N fertilizer, a recommended N rate for corn (160？kg？N？ha？1) and barley (90？kg？N？ha？1), and FDS and CDS at a rate of 40？Mg？ha？1 on wet basis with or without reduced N fertilizer (120？kg？N？ha？1) on corn. Compared to the control, the FDS or CDS applications significantly increased the proportions of soil larger macroaggregates (>2？mm) and the mean-weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates, regardless their application frequency. Single or three yrs additions of FDS or CDS produced, on average, an increase of 25 to 31% of the soil C and N contents compared to the control and the recommended N fertilizer treatment (160？kg？N？ha？1). In the first year of their application, the FDS or CDS with or without supplemental N fertilizer (120？kg？N？ha？1) reduced silage corn and N uptake, compared to the control probably due to N immobilization. However, silage corn yields were increased in the following years with one application or with repeated application of FDS or CDS. Results show that benefits on soil properties and crop yields of single application of FDS and CDS were similar to those of the triple applications and were still noticeable a few years following the last application. 1. Introduction Environmental concerns associated with wastes management have led to new technologies in paper mill industries since 1997 for recycling used papers and deinking paper sludges were consequently produced. Those paper sludges are extracted in two phases as described by N’Dayegamiye [1]. Fine debris are initially separated from the mixture in a sedimentation basin to produce the primary sludge, followed by extraction in a second basin where the water soluble fibers are digested by the microorganisms to produce the secondary sludge. Mineral fertilizers (N, P, and K) are generally added in the second basin to stimulate microorganism growth and activity. Primary paper sludges from de-inking paper mill plant have high C/N ratios ( > 200) and they induced N immobilization and reduced crop yields [2]. When primary and secondary de-inking paper sludges are mixed, the mixed paper sludges obtained have lower C/N ratios (30 to 40) making this mixture more attractive for agricultural use as organic amendments. Composts are also produced from those
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