民勤荒漠区子午沙鼠的配偶偏好行为研究
Partner Preference of Meriones meridianus in Minqin Desert Area

中文摘要：配偶偏好是单配制物种在配偶选择实验中偏好配偶而不是陌生异性个体的行为，配偶选择行为是检验物种婚配体系的重要行为学指标。子午沙鼠 Meriones meridianus是我国西北荒漠草原地区的优势鼠种，其种群的迁徙与扩散对环境变化有良好的指示作用，但其婚配体系还不清楚。本实验系统观察了室内繁殖的F 1代子午沙鼠的配偶偏好行为，结果表明雌性子午沙鼠在配对3 d后与配偶鼠的接触时间和探究频次均显著高于陌生鼠（ P<0.05）配对10 d后与配偶鼠的接触时间和探究频次均极显著高于陌生鼠（ P<0.01）与配偶鼠的接触时间在配对10 d后极显著高于配对3 d后（ P<0.01），而探究频次降低（ P<0.01）与陌生鼠的接触时间刚好相反，配对10 d后显著低于配对3 d后（ P<0.01）。雄性子午沙鼠在配对3 d后对配偶鼠和陌生鼠的接触时间和探究频次均没有差异，然而在配对10 d后对配偶鼠的接触时间和探究频次均极显著高于陌生鼠（ P<0.01）配对10 d后对配偶鼠的接触时间极显著高于配对3 d后（ P<0.01），配对10 d后对陌生鼠的接触时间极显著低于配对3 d后（ P<0.01）配对10 d后对配偶鼠和陌生鼠的探究频次均极显著低于配对3 d后（ P<0.01）。通过上述实验分析推断，雌雄子午沙鼠均可形成稳定的配偶偏好，具有单配制物种的行为特征。
英文摘要：Monogamous species prefer to their partners rather than the unfamiliar ones in partner preference test. Partner preference is an important parameter to determine mating system. The midday gerbil ( Meriones meridianus) is widespread and commonly encountered in the desert steppe of northwest China. The migration and diffusion of this population have a good habitat-indicative value. However, the mating system of M. meridianus is still unclear. We investigated the partner preference in F 1 generation of M. meridianus in this study. The results showed that the duration and frequency of contacting (including sniff, licking, crouching and friendly contacting behavior) for partner in female M. meridianus were significantly higher than those for stranger after 3 days ( P<0.05) and 10 days ( P<0.01) of pairing, and the duration of contacting partner after 10 days of pairing was extremely longer than that after 3 days ( P<0.01), the contacting frequency for partner after 10 days of pairing was extremely less than that after 3 days ( P<0.01), the duration of contacting for stranger after 10 days of pairing was extremely shorter than that after 3 days( P<0.01). The duration and frequency of contacting for partner in male M. meridianus after 3 days of pairing had no significant difference with those for stranger, however, the duration and frequency of contacting for partner after 10 days of pairing were extremely longer than those for stranger ( P<0.01). The duration of contacting for partner after 10 days of pairing was extremely longer than that after 3 days ( P<0.01), and the frequency of contacting for partner and stranger after 10 days of pairing were extremely less than that after 3 days ( P<0.01). In conclusion, both female and male M. meridianus had stable pair bonding and behavioral characteristic of monogamous species. 2016,35(5): 648-653 收稿日期：2016-03-23 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20160064 分类号：Q959.837