广州市园林鸟类物种和功能多样性的变化
Changes of Bird Species and Functional Diversity in Urban Woodlots of Guangzhou, China

中文摘要：2013年11月-2015年7月的部分月份，对广州市7个园林斑块中鸟类物种和功能多样性的变化规律进行了研究。利用样线法调查鸟类物种丰富度和多度，并计算每个斑块的面积和周长面积比（PAR）。结果如下：1）各园林斑块中物种累积曲线呈先快速上升，后变为渐近线或增速放缓趋势，各样地实际物种数与估计值的比例全部超过或部分超过60%，表明鸟类调查充分；2）共记录到53种鸟类，物种和功能多样性变化规律为：海珠湿地鸟类丰富度最高，为39种，海珠湖次之，为37种，其余斑块皆为30种以下；Pielou均匀度指数与PAR呈极显著正相关关系，功能歧异度与斑状面积呈极显著正相关关系，其他指数与斑块面积和PAR间无显著相关关系；Pielou均匀度指数随着PAR的增加而呈二次曲线增加。据此推测，除功能歧异度外，鸟类多样性指数皆与斑块面积无关，可能与小尺度条件下，干扰强度、生境异质性等因子是影响鸟类物种多样性的主要因子有关。
英文摘要：Bird species and functional diversity patterns in seven urban woodlots of Guangzhou, China, were studied at designated times from November, 2013 to July, 2015. Presence and abundance of birds was recorded using standard line-transect methods, and the area of the region as well as the perimeter-to-area ratio (PAR) were calculated using the software ArcView GIS 9.3. The results were as follows: 1) Species accumulation curve of each urban woodlot increased quickly at first and then approached an asymptote or increased slowly; majority of the ratios of species richness recorded in each study site to estimated species richness were larger than 60%, indicating that sufficient sampling was conducted. 2) There were 53 bird species in total, and bird species and functional diversity changed across the seven urban woodlots. Specifically, the Haizhu Wetland Park harbored the highest number of bird species (39 species), followed by the Haizhu Lake Park (37 species), and other woodlots harbored less than 30 species; Pielou evenness index was very positively correlated with PAR, and bird functional divergence was very positively correlated with area, moreover, Pielou evenness index increased quadratically with PAR. No significant correlation was observed among other diversity index, area and PAR. Accordingly, there were no significant correlations between bird diversity index and area except bird functional divergence and area, possibly due to the main factors in determining bird species diversity in small scale were disturbance intensity, habitat heterogeneity and others. 2016,35(5): 759-764 收稿日期：2016-05-23 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20160134 分类号：Q959.7 基金项目：海珠区科技和信息化局项目（2013-cg-03；2014-cg-17）；广东省自然科学基金项目（2015A030313870） 作者简介：丁志锋,男,博士,研究方向:鸟类生态学,E-mail:dingzhf@163.com;梁健超,男,硕士,研究方向:景观生态学,E-mail:13760813102@163.com *通讯作者：冯永军,E-mail:42542479@qq.com;胡慧建,E-mail:13922339577@139.com 参考文献： 常弘, 陈先仁, 粟娟, 等. 2008. 广州新垦红树林湿地鸟类群落多样性及生物量[J]. 城市环境与城市生态, 21(2): 17-21. 陈水华, 丁平, 郑光美, 等. 2002. 岛屿栖息地鸟类群落的丰富度及其影响因子[J]. 生态学报, 22(2): 141-149. 陈水华, 丁平, 郑光美, 等. 2005. 园林鸟类群落的岛屿性格局[J]. 生态学报, 25(4): 657-663. 华南濒危动物研究所. 1991. 广东鸟类彩色图鉴[M]. 广州: 广东科技出版社. 李敏, 陈文婧, 魏炜, 等. 2012.