哺乳期圈养雌獐昼夜行为时间分配及活动节律
Daily Activity Rhythm and Time Budget of Captive Female Chinese Water Deer in Lactation

中文摘要：2014年7—8月,在浙江省富阳市獐养殖场采用瞬时扫描取样法对圈养条件下哺乳期雌獐昼夜行为时间分配及活动节律进行了调查研究。结果表明:①雌獐的日活动行为时间分配依次为卧息(59.01±2.93)%、走动(13.91±2.39)%、采食(10.60±0.74)%、梳理(7.76±1.10)%、反刍(2.84±0.66)%、站立(2.72±1.01)%、警戒(1.53±0.59)%、社会行为(1.26±0.54)%、排遗(0.36±0.22)%。②雌獐的昼间卧息时间极显著低于夜间( P<0.01),梳理时间显著低于夜间( P<0.05),而走动、采食、反刍、警戒和社会行为的时间极显著高于夜间( P<0.01),站立行为差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)。③一天中,雌獐的采食行为和反刍行为呈现双峰型的节律特征,走动、站立和梳理行为出现了3个高峰期,卧息和社会行为则呈多峰型,其中取食高峰后延迟1~2 h为反刍高峰。④卧息行为分别与采食行为和走动行为呈极显著的负相关关系,而采食行为与走动行为之间呈显著的正相关关系。总之,哺乳期圈养雌獐的日活动行为体现出明显的节律性,且大多数行为时间具有明显的昼夜差异。
英文摘要：Daily activity rhythm and time budget of captive female Chinese water deer ( Hydropotes inermis) in lactation were observed using the method of instantaneous scan sampling from July to August 2014 at Fuyang Chinese Water Deer Farm, Hangzhou. Female deer spent an average of (59.01±2.93)% time on the daily resting. Moving, feeding, auto-grooming, ruminating, standing, alerting, social behaviors and urinating accounted on average for (13.91±2.39)%, (10.60±0.74)%, (7.76±1.10)%, (2.84±0.66)%, (2.72±1.01)%, (1.53±0.59)%, (1.26±0.54)% and (0.36±0.22)% of the activity budgets, respectively. Diurnal resting time was very significantly lower than that of night( P<0.01), and diurnal auto-grooming time was significantly lower than the night( P<0.05), while the time of diurnal walking, feeding, ruminating, alert and social behavior was very significantly higher than that of night( P<0.01), and the standing time had no significant difference( P>0.05). The daily activity rhythms of female Chinese water deer showed two feeding and ruminating peaks, and three moving, standing and auto-grooming peaks with the characteristics of resting and social behavior multi peaks. Two feeding peaks were observed from 06: 00 to 07: 00 and from 16: 00 to 17: 00, but the peak of ruminating were delayed 1-2 hours than the peak. Resting-feeding and resting-moving were significantly negative correlated, however, significant positive correlation was observed between feeding and moving. In conclusion, the captive female Chinese water deer in lactation showed obvious activity rhythm, and most behaviors had significant differences between diurnal and nocturnal time. 2015,34(4): 548-554 收稿日期：2014-11-11 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.2015.04.011 分类号：Q959.8;Q958.1 基金项目：浙江省科技厅公益性项目(2012C32015); 浙江农林大学教改项目(2013120022); 富阳市科技发展计划项目 作者简介：谭国梁,男,硕士研究生,研究方向:动物资源保护与利用,E-mail:317067723@qq.com *通讯作者：鲁庆彬,E-mail:lqbin191@aliyun.com 参考文献： 蔡理全, 李庆芬. 1998. 啮齿类动物的昼夜节律器及光周期对其影响机制[J]. 生态学杂志, 17(6): 40-43. 郭光普, 张恩迪. 2002. 舟山群岛獐的分布[J]. 兽类学报, 22(2): 98-107. 胡婧, 余建秋, 王强, 等. 2011.