长广溪国家城市湿地公园鸟类群落结构及季节动态
Avian Community Structure and Seasonal Dynamic in Changguangxi National Urban Wetland Park

中文摘要：2012年4月—2013年3月,逐月对江苏无锡长广溪国家城市湿地公园鸟类群落进行了研究。共记录到鸟类61种,隶属13目30科,雀形目鸟类占主要地位,其中留鸟、冬候鸟、夏候鸟、旅鸟分别占总种数的34.42%、24.59%、29.51%和11.48%。鸟类区系以广布种和古北界种为主,兼有东洋界种,具有南北过渡的明显特征。全年优势种有6种,分别为小、黑水鸡、白头鹎、八哥、棕头鸦雀、麻雀。从季节动态变化上看,鸟种数表现为春季> 秋季> 冬季> 夏季;数量表现为秋季> 冬季> 春季> 夏季。鸟类多样性指数春季> 夏季> 冬季> 秋季;均匀度指数为夏季> 冬季> 春季> 秋季;优势度指数为秋季> 冬季> 春季> 夏季。夏季与秋季鸟类群落间的相似性系数最大,夏季与冬季的相似性指数最小。同时对湿地公园鸟类适宜度作出总体评价,并且对公园后续建设及管理方式提出建议。
英文摘要：The avian community in Changguangxi National Urban Wetland Park in Wuxi, Jiangsu province, was surveyed from April 2012 to March 2013. About 61 bird species belonging to 13 orders and 30 families was recorded, and Passeriformes was frequently observed. Among of all, the resident, winter migrant, summer migrant and passage migrant were accounted for 34.42%, 24.59%, 29.51% and 11.48%, respectively. Avifauna was mainly consisted of widely distributed species and Palaearctic species, but Oriental species were also observed. Six dominant bird species, Tachybaptus ruficollis, Gallinula chloropus, Pycnonotus sinensis, Acridotheres cristatellus, Paradoxornis webbianus and Passer montanus, were observed during the whole year. The bird number was the highest in spring but the quantity was the highest in autumn. The diversity index was the highest in spring but the lowest in autumn; evenness index was the highest in summer but the lowest in autumn; dominance index was the highest in autumn but the lowest in summer. Jaccard similarity coefficient of bird communities was the highest between summer and autumn, but the lowest between summer and winter. Moreover, an overall evaluation of bird suitability in this park as well as some suggestions for the following construction and management style was provided. 2015,34(4): 541-547 收稿日期：2014-12-18 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.2015.04.010 分类号：Q959.7 基金项目：江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目 作者简介：孙勇(1990—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为湿地生物资源保护与利用,E-mail:guhpus@126.com *通讯作者：鲁长虎,教授,E-mail:luchanghu@njfu.com.cn 参考文献： 柴文菡, 白静文, 陈卫. 2007. 北京玉渊潭公园鸟类群落特征[J]. 四川动物, 26(3): 557-560. 陈水华, 丁平, 范忠勇, 等. 2002. 城市鸟类对斑块状园林栖息地的选择性[J]. 动物学研究, 23(1): 31-38. 陈水华, 丁平, 郑光美, 等. 2005. 园林鸟类群落的岛屿性格局[J]. 生态学报, 25(4): 657-663. 丁晓龙, 潘新园, 袁倩敏, 等. 2012. 深圳松子坑森林公园鸟类多样性与群落特征研究[J]. 四川动物, 31(6): 983-986. 郭铁英, 杨均炜, 曲媛媛, 等. 2010. 北京紫竹院公园鸟类群落多样性分析[J]. 四川动物, 29(6): 975-980. 王立龙, 陆林. 2011. 湿地公园研究体系构建[J]. 生态学报, 31(17): 5081-5095. 王立龙, 陆林, 唐勇, 等. 2010. 中国国家级湿地公园运行现状、区域分布格局与类型划分[J]. 生态学报, 30(9): 2406-2415. 吴毅, 周全, 李燕梅, 等. 2007. 广州市越秀公园鸟类多样性与保护对策[J]. 四川动物, 26(1): 161-164. 郑光美. 2011. 中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第二版)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社. Duana N, Liu XD, Dai J, et al. 2011. Evaluating the