云南省34个县市黄胸鼠和褐家鼠体表寄生蚤调查
Survey of Ectoparasitic Fleas on Rattus flavipectus and Rattus norvegicus from 34 Counties in Yunnan Province, China

中文摘要： 目的 调查云南省黄胸鼠 Rattus flavipectus和褐家鼠 R. norvegicus体表寄生蚤的感染情况,为云南省鼠疫防控提供科学依据。 方法 2012年7月—2013年11月,在云南省34个县市随机选取采样点,笼捕法采集黄胸鼠和褐家鼠,收集并鉴定体表寄生蚤,统计宿主和蚤类物种组成、染蚤率、蚤指数,并根据蚤种组成进行分层聚类。 结果 采集鼠类842只,其中黄胸鼠714只、褐家鼠128只;共检获体表寄生蚤3227匹,涵盖10个已知蚤种,其中,印鼠客蚤 Xenopsylla cheopis和缓慢细蚤 Leptopsylla segnis为优势物种。黄胸鼠和褐家鼠的染蚤率分别为48.88%和53.91%,2种鼠的总体蚤指数为3.83匹/只,其中有16个县市的印鼠客蚤指数>1。聚类分析将所有样点聚成3大支系:A支系印鼠客蚤占优势,主要分布于云南省南部地区;B支系优势种不明显或具有其他蚤种,分布于云南省中部地区;C支系缓慢细蚤占优势,分布于云南省北部地区。 结论 印鼠客蚤和缓慢细蚤是云南省主要蚤种,在接近半数地区印鼠客蚤指数>1,防疫形势非常严峻。云南省黄胸鼠和褐家鼠体表蚤区系组成具有一定的地带性,其中南部地区为印鼠客蚤优势分布区,可视为媒介监测和防控的重点区域。
英文摘要： Objective To provide scientific basis for plague control in Yunnan province, China, we investigated the flea infestation on Rattus flavipectus and R. norvegicus. Methods The investigation was conducted between July 2012 and November 2013. Rats were live trapped from 34 counties in Yunnan. The compositions of rats and fleas, the flea prevalence, and the average flea abundance were calculated; the counties were clustered according to the flea compositions. Results A total of 842 rats (714 R. flavipectus and 128 R. norvegicus) were trapped and 3227 fleas were collected. Among of which, 10 flea species were identified, and Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis were the dominant species. The overall flea prevalence of R. flavipectus and R. norvegicus were 48.88% and 53.91%, respectively; the average flea abundance of all the rats was 3.83 fleas per host; 16 counties had an average flea abundance over 1. The clustering analysis showed that 34 counties could be divided into 3 clades: clade A with X. cheopis as the dominant flea species; clade B with no dominant species or with species other than X. cheopis and L. segnis; clade C with L. segnis as the dominant flea species. Conclusion X. cheopis and L. segnis were the dominant flea species on rats in Yunnan, and nearly half of the 34 counties had average flea abundance over 1, indicating a poor plague control situation in Yunnan. The flea infestations on R. flavipectus and R. norvegicus in Yunnan had a considerable zonality: the southern regions of the province were dominated by X. cheopis and thus should be the key regions for plague monitor and control. 2015,34(1): 53-58 收稿日期：2014-7-10 DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2015.01.008 分类号：Q969;Q959.837 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(81260416,31101628) 作者简介：吴爱国(1958-),主任技师,研究方向:医学动物生态及动物分子生态,E-mail:wuaiguo698@163.com *通讯作者：林恭华,E-mail:lingonghua@nwipb.cas.cn 参考文献： 贺雄, 王虎. 2010. 现代鼠疫概论[M]. 北京: 科学出版社. 李俊勇, 董兴齐, 赵文红, 等. 2008. 1986—2006年云南省家鼠鼠疫疫源地人间鼠疫流行病学分析[J]. 中国地方病学杂志, 27(2): 210-212. 吴爱国, 李天元, 冯建孟, 等. 2008.