高寒草甸3种啮齿动物内脏器官及相关性比较
Comparison of the Internal Organs and Correlation of Organ Weights and Body Weights of Three Rodents in Alpine Meadow

中文摘要：内脏器官是动物生理功能的基础,脏器质量及脏器指数能反映出动物对环境的适应.为进一步了解高原动物对各自生存环境的适应对策,本研究比较了高寒草甸3种啮齿动物脏器指数及脏器质量与体质量的相关性.结果显示:高原鼠兔的心脏、肝脏指数低于高原鼢鼠和根田鼠,根田鼠的脾脏、肺脏和肾脏指数高于高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔,高原鼠兔的肾脏指数高于高原鼢鼠;3种动物肝脏均与体质量呈显著正相关关系,高原鼠兔和根田鼠的肾脏与体质量显著正相关,根田鼠心脏与体质量呈显著正相关关系.结果表明,不同物种脏器指数及器官与体质量的相关性差异可能是物种对物质环境、能量环境、生物个体大小、外界病原体、能量代谢需求等多方面综合因素进化适应的结果.
英文摘要：Internal organs of animals play an essential role in their physiological function, and their adaptiveness to the environment can be reflected from the weights of internal organs and organ index. To further understand the adaptive strategy of the animals in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the living environment, the index of internal organs and the correlations between organ weights and body weights were investigated in three rodents in alpine meadow. The results showed that the heart and liver of plateau pika ( Ochotona curzniae) indices were lower than those of plateau zokor ( Eospalax baileyi) and root voles ( Microtus oeconomus), and the root voles had the highest indices of spleen, lung and kidney, and the kidney index of plateau pika was higher than that of plateau zokor. All the livers were significantly correlated with their body weights, and significant correlations were found in the kidneys of plateau pika and root voles as well as the hearts of root voles. These results indicated that the variance in the indices of internal organs and the correlations between their organ weights and body weights of three rodents may result from combined evolutionary factors, such as adaptiveness to physical and energy environment, body size, pathogens, energy metabolism demands, etc. 2015,34(3): 424-428 收稿日期：2014-9-8 DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2015.03.020 分类号：Q959.837 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(31370405,31372197);青海省科技支撑计划项目(2014-NS-113, 2014-NS-118) 作者简介：张守栋(1989—),男,汉族,硕士研究生,研究方向：进化生态学,E-mail：zhangshoudong666@163.com *通讯作者：张同作, 苏建平,E-mail：zhangtz@nwipb.cas.cn;jpsu@nwipb.cas.cn 参考文献： 边疆晖, 曹伊凡, 吴雁, 等. 2008. 青藏高原地区根田鼠脾脏重量及迟发性超敏反应的季节性变化[J]. 兽类学报, 28(3): 242-249. 崔庆虎, 蒋志刚, 连新明, 等. 2005. 根田鼠栖息地选择的影响因素[J]. 兽类学报, 25(1): 45-51. 杜卫国, 鲍毅新, 施利强, 等. 1999. 社鼠内脏器官重量和水分含量的季节变化[J]. 动物学杂志, 34(1): 23-25. 杜卫国, 俞华英, 施利强, 等. 1997. 褐家鼠的身体及内脏器官重量和含水量的初步研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 8(3): 161-163. 冯祚建, 郑昌琳. 1985. 中国鼠兔属( Ochotona)的研究——分类与分布[J]. 兽类学报, 5(4): 269-289. 胡忠军, 王勇, 张美文, 等. 2002. 东方田鼠头骨和脏器的形态学指标[J]. 动物学杂志, 37 (4):21-26. 李艳萍. 2007. 根田鼠雄性生殖腺的胚后发育[D]. 西安: 陕西师范大学. 刘国富, 温得启, 胡晓梅. 1985. 高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的初步研究[J]. 兽类学报, 5(3): 223-228. 王德华, 孙儒泳. 1995. 根田鼠消化道长度和重量的变化及其适应意义[J]. 兽类学报, 15(1): 53-59. 王德华, 王祖望. 2000. 高寒地区高原鼢鼠消化道形态的季节变化[J]. 兽类学报, 20(4): 270-276. 王淑卿, 张知彬, 张健旭, 等. 1999. 大仓鼠消化道