洞庭湖东方田鼠肥满度时空特征及与降水、温度、归一化植被指数的关系研究
Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Relative Fatness of Microtus fortis and Correlation with Rainfall, Temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in Dongting Lake Wetland

中文摘要：为明确洞庭湖区东方田鼠 Microtus fortis肥满度的时空特征及其与东方田鼠常用预警生态因子的关系，采用夹日法对洞庭湖7个调查区域不同生境的东方田鼠进行调查分析；收集洞庭湖区降水、温度、归一化植被指数（NDVI）等环境因子数据，分析不同性别东方田鼠肥满度与降水、温度、NDVI的关系。结果表明：1）不同性别东方田鼠肥满度时空特征较一致，春季和冬季不同生境雌雄东方田鼠的差异有高度统计学意义；在洲滩芦苇生境，雄雌东方田鼠在各季节间的差异有高度统计学意义；在洲滩苔草+芦苇+杨树生境，雄性肥满度各季节间的差异有统计学意义。2）雌性肥满度与季平均降水量呈显著正相关，雄性肥满度与季平均降水量无显著的相关关系。3）雌性和雄性的肥满度与季平均温度均无显著的相关关系。4）雌性肥满度与农田生境的NDVI呈显著正相关，雄性肥满度与农田生境的NDVI无显著的相关关系；雌性和雄性的肥满度与洲滩生境的NDVI均无显著的相关关系。研究认为，洞庭湖东方田鼠肥满度可以在一定程度上反映其对环境压力的反应，雌性对不利环境较雄性更加敏感，但在特定情况下，栖息地、食物可获得性等通过影响雌性东方田鼠肥满度，进一步影响东方田鼠种群增长。
英文摘要：The response mechanism of animals against environment pressure may be different between sexes. Relative fatness is a convenient index always used to indicate survive quality. Rainfall, temperature and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are normally considered as environmental forecast factors. In order to understand the characteristic of relative fatness of Microtus fortis population and the relationship between relative fatness and environmental forecast factors, a population survey at 7 survey sites was implemented in Dongting Lake wetland. The habitat type was different for all the survey sites. At the same time, the data of rainfall, temperature and NDVI were collected during the study period. The correlation between the relative fatness and environmental forecast factors were analysed. The results showed that the characteristics between different sexes of M. fortis were similar. There were significant differences between the relative fatness of male and female M. fortis in different habitats during spring and winter, while variety trends of relative fatness of male and female M. fortis were similar in summer and autumn. In the wetland region, the relative fatness of male and female M. fortis was similar between seasons in carex habitat, but the difference was found in reed habitat. There was no obvious correlation between the relative fatness of male M. fortis and environmental forecast factors, irrespective of the rainfall, temperature, and NDVI in wetland or NDVI in farmland. Statistics analysis showed that the relative fatness of female M. fortis had a relationship with rainfall and NDVI in farmland, but no correlation with temperature and NDVI in wetland. The relative fatness of M. fortis may reflect the ecological pressure in some cases. Above results showed that the female M. fortis are more sensitive to environment factors than the males. Habitat and food available may affect the relative fatness of the female M. fortis and then explain the population increasing. 2018,37(5): 548-555 收稿日期：2017-10-20