小和凤头越冬潜水行为及差异
Diving Behavior and Difference of Wintering Little Grebe and Great Crested Grebe

中文摘要：2013年10月-2014年3月,采用焦点动物法观察了小 Tachybaptus ruficollis和凤头 Podiceps cristatus的越冬潜水行为。小的平均潜水持续时间和暂停持续时间分别为(13.84 s±5.66 s)( n=1593)和(12.24 s±9.71 s)( n=1504),凤头为(21.72 s±9.65 s)( n=793)和(17.88 s±11.68 s)( n=728),均在越冬不同时期和昼间不同时段有所差异。小(1.13)和凤头(1.21)的潜水效率均较低,小的潜水效率更为稳定。2个物种中,仅小的暂停持续时间与前一次和后一次的潜水有极显著相关性。2种在潜水持续时间长及潜水效率高的时段均相似,但也产生了"错峰"等分化现象。本文还验证了潜水持续时间随体型增大而增长,温度下降会导致潜水效率下降等规律。
英文摘要：From October 2013 to March 2014, the diving behaviors of little grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis and great crested grebe Podiceps cristatus were studied by focal-animal sampling method. The mean diving duration of P. cristatus (21.72 s±9.65 s) ( n=793) was longer than T. ruficollis (13.84 s±5.66 s) ( n=1593), so as the mean time at surface (17.88 s±11.68 s) ( n=728) and (12.24 s±9.71 s) ( n=1504), respectively. Diving efficiency of T. ruficollis (1.13) was slightly lower than that of P. cristatus (1.21), but more stable during the wintering period. For the two grebes, only surface duration of T. ruficollis was positively related to both duration of the preceding and the following diving. High values of diving duration and dive efficiency of the two grebes occurred in similar time but with different peak times. We also found that the diving duration increased with the body size and the low temperature could cause a decline in diving efficiency. 2015,(): 719-724 收稿日期：2014-12-23 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20140578 分类号：Q959.7;Q958.1 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(31260517) 作者简介：蒋剑虹(1991-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事鸟类学研究 *通讯作者：邵明勤,E-mail:1048362673@qq.com 参考文献： 范俊芳, 文友华. 2007. 南昌艾溪湖滨水鸟类栖息地的景观设计[J]. 湖南农业大学学报:社会科学版, 8(6):64-67. 蒋剑虹, 戴年华, 邵明勤, 等. 2015. 鄱阳湖区稻田生境中灰鹤越冬行为的时间分配与觅食行为[J]. 生态学报, 35(2):270-279. 邵明勤, 石文娟, 蒋剑虹, 等. 2014. 南昌市艾溪湖和瑶湖鸟类多样性初步研究[J]. 湖北农业科学, 53(2):382-384. 曾宾宾, 邵明勤, 赖洪清, 等. 2013. 性别和温度对中华秋沙鸭越冬行为的影响[J]. 生态学报, 33(12):3712-3721. 章旭日, 邵明勤, 简敏菲. 2009. 南昌市及近郊鸟类多样性和区系初步分析[J]. 江西师范大学学报:自然科学版, 33(4):458-462. 赵正阶. 2001. 中国鸟类志[M]. 长春:吉林科学技术出版社:51-56. Bourget D, Savard JL, Guillemette M. 2007. Distribution, diet and dive behavior of barrow's and common goldeneyes during spring and autumn in the St. Lawrence Estuary[J]. Waterbirds, 30(2):230-240. Casaux R. 2004. Diving Patterns in the Antarctic Shag[J]. Waterbirds, 27(4):382-387. Caudell JN, Conover MR. 2006. Behavioral and physiological responses of eared grebes ( Podiceps nigricollis) to variations in brine shrimp ( Artemia franciscana) densities[J]. Western North American Naturalist, 66(1):12-22. Erika KL, Daniel E, John YT, et al. 2011. Stoperover habitats of spring migrating surf scoters in southeast Alaska[J]. The Journal of