高原兔夏季卧栖地生境利用关键因子分析
Analysis of Dominant Factors Affecting Resting Sites Use of Lepus oiostolus in Summer

中文摘要：研究阿尔金山国家级自然保护区高山草甸和高山荒漠区高原兔 Lepus oiostolus夏季生境卧息地利用的主要影响因子,为高原兔的科学管理提供依据。2011—2013年夏季,累计调查高原兔卧息地5 m×5 m样方32个,另外在附近相同生境类型中设置对照样方33个。记录样方所在地的植物种数、植被盖度、植被高度、土壤硬度以及距道路的距离等指标。结果表明,卧息地和对照样方在植物种数、土壤硬度等方面差异有统计学意义( P<0.05),而在隐蔽级、植被高度、植被密度等方面差异有高度统计学意义( P<0.01)。Vanderloeg和Scavia选择指数 E i、选择系数 W i分析显示高原兔卧栖地偏好选择高度在30 cm以上、植被盖度大于30%且密度小于80株/m 2,隐蔽级在10 cm以上,土质较软(6~9 kg/cm 2)的小生境。主成分分析表明影响高原兔卧息地利用的主要因子依次是:植被密度(-0.898),植被盖度(-0.812)和隐蔽级(0.764)。高原兔偏爱植被高度更高、植物密度更低、隐蔽级更高、土壤较软的小生境。我们的结果为高原兔的科学管理提供了重要依据。
英文摘要：To determine the key factors affecting resting sites use of the woolly hare Lepus oiostolus on alpine meadow and alpine desert in Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve in Ruoqiang County, a total of 32 samples in resting sites and 33 control samples in nearby similar habitat of woolly hare were set in 5 m×5 m during the summer from 2011 to 2013. Environment factors including numbers of the plant species, vegetation cover, vegetation height, vegetation density, soil hardness, canopy cover and distance to road were recorded. The results showed that there were extremely significant difference on canopy cover, vegetation height and vegetation density ( P<0.01) and significant difference on numbers of the plant species and soil hardness ( P<0.05). Vanderloeg and Scavia's index E i and selectivity coefficient W i indicated that the woolly hare preferred to rest in the microhabitat of vegetation higher than 30 cm, vegetation cover more than 30% and density less than 80 individuals/m 2, canopy cover more than 10 cm and softer soil (6~9 kg/cm 2). According to the factor loading of principal component analysis (PCA), the main factors affected the resting sites use of the woolly hare were vegetation density (-0.898), vegetation cover (-0.812), and canopy cover (0.764), respectively. The woolly hare preferred the habitat with higher vegetation and canopy cover, lower vegetation density and softer soil on alpine meadow and alpine desert. Our results provided an important basis for management of the woolly hare. 2015,34(1): 47-52 收稿日期：2014-5-23 DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2015.01.007 分类号：Q959.9;Q958.1 基金项目：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203041);阿尔金山国家级自然保护区综合科考项目 作者简介：王振宇(1990-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:动物生态学,E-mail:545306621@qq.com *通讯作者：时磊,博士,教授,E-mail:shileixj@126.com 参考文献： 蔡桂全, 冯柞建. 1982. 高原兔( Lepus oiostolus)亚种补充研究——包括两个新亚种[J]. 兽类学报, 2(2): 167-181. 崔大方, 崔乃然, 海鹰, 等. 1998. 阿尔金山自然保护区植物物种多样性分析[J]. 石河子大学学报:自然科学版, 2(4): 281-288. 邓其祥. 1960. 高原兔( Lepus oiostolus)生活习性及其防治[J]. 动物学杂志, (3): 136-139. 冯祚建. 1999. 穴兔、野兔和鼠兔[J]. 大自然, 2: 5-8. 高金, 王占国. 2004. 林区高原兔发生成因分析及控制[J]. 青海农林科技, 20(9):