艾比湖国家级湿地自然保护区鹅喉羚种群数量与分布
Populatin Size and Distribution of Gazella subgutturosa

中文摘要：2013年6月—2014年4月,在艾比湖国家级湿地自然保护区采用样线法及粪便堆计数法调查了鹅喉羚 Gazella subgutturosa的种群数量.样线总长1276.6 km,发现79头鹅喉羚.采用Distance 6.0估算了鹅喉羚的密度和遇见率.从春季到冬季,鹅喉羚遇见率在(0.014~0.034)头/km之间变化.春季鹅喉羚种群密度为(0.104±0.033)头/km 2,夏季为(0.057±0.025)头/km 2,秋季为(0.048±0.030)头/km 2,冬季为(0.131±0.043)头/km 2.鹅喉羚适宜栖息平均面积2404 km 2,估算该区域春季鹅喉羚数量为240头,夏季为137头,秋季为115头,冬季为314头.粪便堆计数法估算春季种群数量为146头,夏季为90头,秋季为61头,冬季为200头.根据野外考察全球定位系统数据并解译艾比湖鹅喉羚分布生境2009年的Landsat ETM遥感影像,将生境分为森林、灌丛、湖泊、沼泽、荒漠、草原6种类型,其中,森林、灌丛为艾比湖鹅喉羚适宜生境.本研究结果将为艾比湖国家级湿地自然保护区鹅喉羚长期监测及有效保护管理提供基础数据.
英文摘要：From June 2013 to April 2014, the population density of Gazella subgutturosa in Ebinur Lake National Wetland Nature Reserve was surveyed using line transects and fecal pellet counts methods. The total length of transect lines was 1276.6 km, and 79 G. subgutturosa were recorded. The density and encountered rate were estimated with Distance 6.0. The encountered rate varied between 0.014-0.034 individuals/km for four seasons. The area of suitable habitats was 2404 km 2. The estimated population density was (0.104±0.033) individuals/km 2 in spring, (0.057±0.025) individuals/km 2 in summer, (0.048±0.030) individuals/km 2 in autumn, and (0.131±0.043) individuals/km 2 in winter. The estimated population size was 240 in spring, 137 in summer, 115 in autumn, and 314 in winter, respectively. While the latrines counting method showed that the population size was 146 in spring, 90 in summer, 61 in autumn, and 200 in winter, respectively. Based on the field observation and Landsat ETM satellite image of 2009, the habitat was classified as forest, shrub, lake, bog, desert and steppe. Among of which, the suitable habitats for G. subgutturosa were forests and shrubs. This study provided basic data for the long-term monitoring on G. subgutturosa in the Ebinur Lake National Wetland Nature Reserve. 2015,34(3): 447-452 收稿日期：2014-10-27 DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2015.03.025 分类号：Q959.8;Q958.1 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(31060152,31360266);新疆大学自治区重点学科——动物学; 中华人民共和国全球环境基金艾比湖流域可持续管理与生物多样性保护项目(zx-3-1) 作者简介：艾孜孜江·乃比(1986—),男,维吾尔族,硕士研究生,研究方向：动物保护遗传学,E-mail：435170931@qq.com *通讯作者：马合木提·哈力克,E-mail：mahmuthalic@xju.edu.cn 参考文献： 陈蜀江, 侯平, 李文华, 等. 2006. 新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区综合科学考察[M]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆科学技术出版社. 初红军, 蒋志刚, 葛炎, 等. 2009. 卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚种群密度和数量[J]. 生物多样性, 17(4): 414-422. 李艳红, 楚新正, 金海龙. 2006. 新疆艾比湖流域水文特征分析[J]. 水文, 26(5): 68-71. 李莹, 徐文轩, 乔建芳, 等. 2009. 卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区鹅喉羚的时空分布于生境选择[J]. 干旱区地理, 32(2): 261-267. 李莹, 徐文轩, 杨维康, 等. 2010. 卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区鹅喉羚生境适宜性评价[J]. 兽类学报, 30(1): 11-20. 乔建芳, 杨维康, 徐文轩, 等. 2008. 新疆卡拉麦里山保护区鹅喉羚的社群结构[J]. 兽类学报, 28(4): 353-357. 孙铭娟, 高行宜, 阿不力米提·阿不都卡迪尔, 等. 2002. 鹅喉羚( Gazella