动物的伪装方式
A Review of Different Types of Animal Camouflage

中文摘要：伪装是动物防御性体色最重要的功能之一,能减少被捕食者检测和识别的风险。本文综述了隐蔽、乔装、运动炫和运动伪装等4种伪装方式的研究进展,并指出当前研究中存在的一些问题,以期为动物伪装进化的研究提供参考。
英文摘要：Camouflage is an important strategy to deter predators, it may work to reduce predator detection and recognition risk. This review outlines different types of camouflage, such as crypsis, masquerade, motion dazzle and motion camouflage. Moreover, current issues in research are pointed out and some suggestions are made for future work. 2015,34(6): 955-960 收稿日期：2015-03-07 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20150076 分类号：Q958.1 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(No. 31372228) 作者简介：肖繁荣(1986—),男,博士研究生,研究方向:两栖爬行动物生态与保护,E-mail:xiao71815@163.com *通讯作者：史海涛,E-mail:haitao-shi@263.net 参考文献： Akkaynak D, Allen JJ, M？thger LM, et al. 2013. Quantification of cuttlefish ( Sepia officinalis) camouflage: a study of color and luminance using in situ spectrometry[J]. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 199(3): 211-225. Allen JJ, M？thger LM, Barbosa A, et al. 2009. Cuttlefish use visual cues to control three-dimensional skin papillae for camouflage[J]. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 195: 547-555. Ammermüller J, Itzhaki A, Weiler R, et al. 1998. UV-sensitive input to horizontal cells in the turtle retina[J]. European Journal of Neuroscience, 10(5): 1544-1552. Anderson AJ, McOwan PW. 2003. Humans deceived by predatory stealth strategy camouflaging motion[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B, 270: S18-S20. Barbosa A, Litman L, Hanlon RT. 2008. Changeable cuttlefish camouflage is influenced by horizontal and vertical aspects of the visual background[J]. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 194: 405-413. Beddard FE. 1895. Animal colouration: an account of the principal facts and theories relating to the colours and markings of animals[M]. London: Swan Sonnenschein. Behrens RR. 1999. The role of artists in ship camouflage during world war Ⅰ[J]. Leonardo, 32(1): 53-59. Chiao CC, Wickiser JK, Allen JJ, et al. 2011. Hyperspectral imaging of cuttlefish camouflage indicates good color match in the eyes of fish predators[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, 108(22): 9148-9153. Cott HB. 1940. Adaptive coloration in animals[M]. London, UK: Methuen. Craik KJ. 1944. White plumage of seabirds[J]. Nature, 153: 228. Cuthill IC, Stevens M, Sheppard J, et al. 2005. Disruptive coloration and background pattern matching[J]. Nature, 434(7029): 72-74. Denton EJ, Nicol JA. 1966. A survey of reflectivity in silvery teleosts[J]. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, 46: 685-722. Dimitrova M, Stobbe N, Schaefer HM, et al. 2009. Concealed by