云南高黎贡山中段鸟类多样性和垂直分布特征
The Diversity and Vertical Distribution of the Birds in Middle Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan

中文摘要：由于较难到达等客观原因,以往对高黎贡山中段的鸟类调查比较缺乏。2011年8月至2014年7月,采用样线法对高黎贡山中段六库-姚家坪-风雪垭口-片马一线鸟类多样性进行了调查,旨在完善该区域不同海拔和生境的鸟类信息。野外共观察到225种鸟类,其中有3个高黎贡山新纪录鸟种。结合以往资料,高黎贡山中段共记录鸟类357种,隶属于18目60科,占云南省鸟类903种的39.53%。其中,留鸟282种,占78.99%。该区鸟类垂直分布呈单峰型,以2300~2800 m的中山湿性常绿阔叶林中分布的种类最多。该区域鸟类 G- F指数高,多样性十分丰富,而且受危和特有现象明显,保护鸟类42种,横断山区特有鸟类57种,分别占所记录鸟类的11.76%和15.97%。结合该区域鸟类的垂直分布特征,提出保护中山湿性常绿阔叶林对该区域鸟类多样性的保护至关重要。此外,我们建议以后也应对该区域低海拔生境的鸟类进行调查。
英文摘要：The middle part of Gaoligong Mountain is relatively scarce of bird survey in the past due to the difficulty of accessibility. Several field surveys to this area were conducted from August 2011 to July 2014, aiming at complementing the bird list at different altitudes and habitats, especially that above the tree line. Totally, 225 species had been recorded in the field, three of which were the first records to Gaoligong Mountain, including Indicator xanthonotus, Turdus kessleri, and Accipiter gentilis. Combined with the historical avian records in this area, a bird list of 357 species belonging to 60 families and 18 orders had been proposed, which accounted for 39.53% of 903 species of Yunnan province. Residents were the majority in this area, comprising 282 species (78.99%). Vertical distribution showed a hump-shaped pattern with a peak at 2300~2800 m that was in accordance with the range of subalpine moist evergreen broadleaved forest. The avifauna of this area was characterized by the remarkable high G- F index, high diversity of endangered and endemic species. The protection of the subalpine moist evergreen broadleaved forest would be crucial to conserve the avian diversity to this area. When comparing to other avian distribution studies of Hengduan Mountains, we suggested more survey would be needed to the lower altitude, such as the Salween valley. 2015,34(6): 930-940 收稿日期：2015-01-21 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20150029 分类号：Q959.7 基金项目：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(No.31101620) 作者简介：梁丹(1991—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:鸟类学、动物生态学,E-mail:dan_liangcn@aliyun.com *通讯作者：罗旭,E-mail:xu_luo@aliyun.com;韩联宪,lianxian.han@gmail.com 参考文献： 艾怀森. 2006. 高黎贡山地区雉类多样性及其保护[J]. 动物学研究, 27(4): 427-432. 程松林, 林剑声. 2011. 江西武夷山国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性调查[J]. 动物学杂志, 46(5): 66-78. 韩联宪, 黄石林, 罗旭, 等. 2004. 云南白尾梢虹雉的分布与保护[J]. 生物多样性, 12(5): 523-527. 韩联宪, 兰道英, 马世来. 1996. 云南高黎贡山鸟类多样性分布及保护[C]// 中国鸟类学研究. 北京: 中国林业出版社: 40-49. 蒋志刚, 纪力强. 1999. 鸟兽物种多样性测度的G-F指数方法[J]. 生物多样性, 7(3): 220-225. 雷富民, 卢建利, 刘耀, 等. 2002. 中国特有种及其分布格局[J]. 动物学报, 48(5): 599-610. 李嵘, 刀志灵, 纪运恒, 等. 2007. 高黎贡山北段种子植物区系研究[J]. 云南植物研究, 29(6): 601-615. 梁丹, 李丁, 李奇生, 等. 2012. 高黎贡山白尾梢虹雉和血雉的食物关系[C]// 国际生物多样性计划中国委员会. 中国生物多样性保护与研究进展IX. 北京: 气象出版社: 181-190. 刘鲁明, 董锋,