四川栗子坪国家级自然保护区鸟类资源与多样性分析
Bird Resource and Diversity in Liziping National Nature Reserve, Sichuan

中文摘要：通过野外调查并结合有关文献，四川栗子坪国家级自然保护区有鸟类15目53科260种，其中，留鸟169种（65.0%），夏候鸟57种（21.9%），冬候鸟18种（6.9%），旅鸟16种（6.2%）；东洋界物种161种（61.9%），古北界物种70种（26.9%），广布种29种（11.2%）。保护区分布有IUCN红色名录鸟类6种，其中濒危（EN）1种，易危（VU）2种，近危（NT）3种；国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生鸟类4种，国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生鸟类20种；中国特有鸟类14种。分析表明，秋季优势物种4种，春季5种。秋季的鸟类多样性低于春季，但无论秋季还是春季，中低海拔阔叶林的鸟类多样性最高，针叶林和针阔混交林次之，河谷灌丛最低。秋季和春季鸟类群落相似性指数以及不同生境之间鸟类物种相似性指数皆低于0.50，说明时间和空间上群落组成差异较大。在保护区鸟类保护与管理中，建议注重维持多样的生境类型，同时应当重视保护中低海拔阔叶林。
英文摘要：Based on field survey and previous references, we summarized that there were 260 bird species belonging to53 families 15 orders in Liziping National Nature Reserve, including 169 residents (65.0%), 57 summer visitors (21.9%), 18 winter visitors (6.9%) and 16 passage migrants (6.2%). The avifauna had a highly mixed composition of faunal distribution types, with 161 (61.9%) Oriental Realm species, 70 (26.9%) Palaearctic Realm species, and 29 (11.2%) widespread species. Among them, 6 species were listed in IUCN red list, with 1 endangered, 2 vulnerable, and 3 near threatened; 4 and 20 species are legally listed in class Ⅰ and Ⅱ nationally key protected animals of China, respectively. There were 14 birds endemic to China. The analyses showed that there were 4 and 5 dominant species in autumn and spring, respectively. Bird diversity was lower in autumn than in spring, but diversity was the highest in broad-leaved forests occurring at middle and low elevations, followed by coniferous forests or coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, and river-valley shrubs in both seasons. The similarity indices calculated for bird species between autumn and spring and between different habitats were lower than 0.50, suggesting larger temporal and spatial difference in bird communities. Maintenance of a mosaic of habitats is suggested for bird conservation and management in the reserve, with particular priority to broad-leaved forests occurring at middle and low elevations. 2018,37(2): 224-233 收稿日期：2017-09-28 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20170303 分类号：Q959.7 基金项目：中央财政林业保护补助资金项目 作者简介：张勘(1983-),男,助理工程师,主要从事野生动物与自然保护区管理研究;徐雨(1981-),男,副教授,主要从事鸟类生态学研究 *通讯作者：徐雨,E-mail:xuyu608@163.com 参考文献： 付长坤, 宗浩, 陈顺德, 等. 2014. 四川省鸟类物种增补与统计分析[J]. 四川林业科技, 35(4):32-36. 蒋志刚, 马克平. 2009. 保护生物学的现状、挑战和对策[J]. 生物多样性, 17(2):107-116. 梁晨霞, 李波, 张雨薇, 等. 2017. 内蒙古乌兰察布地区鸟类群落结构及季节变化[J]. 生态学杂志, 36(1):94-103. 陆舟, 杨岗, 余桂, 等. 2016. 广西弄岗国家级自然保护区喀斯特森林鸟类群落结构与多样性分析[J]. 四川动物, 35(1):141-148. 马克平. 2011. 监测是评估生物多样性保护进展的有效途径[J]. 生物多样性, 19(2):125-126. 西华师范大学珍稀动植物研究所. 2012. 四川栗子坪自然保护区综合科学考察报告[R]. 四川南充:西华师范大学珍稀动植物研究所. 约翰·马敬能, 卡伦·菲利普斯, 何芬奇. 2000. 中国鸟类野外手册[M]. 长沙:湖南教育出版社. 张荣祖. 2011. 中国动物地理[M]. 北京:科学出版社.