动物交流声波句法结构研究进展
Advanced in Syntactic Structures of Vocal Communications in Animals

中文摘要：动物可以通过声音信号完成识别、求偶、报警等交流活动，越复杂的声音信号携带的信息越多，越能传达完整有效的信息，从而提高发声者和接收者的适合度。然而动物只能发出有限的音节，句法的存在使得有限音节通过多种多样的排列组合方式形成复杂的声波序列，从而传递更加精细、丰富的信息。另外，动物句法跟人类语法有很多相似之处，研究动物的句法结构有助于理解人类语言的形成机制。本文总结已有研究，将动物的句法结构进行归类，有助于系统地揭示动物叫声的形成规律；同时，讨论了不同动物的句法分化和地理变化，为人类方言的形成与维持机制的研究提供科学的参考依据；最后，总结了不同动物类群句法研究现状，针对性地为未来句法研究的重点与方向提出了合理的建议，以期为未来研究提供帮助与指导。
英文摘要：Animals use acoustic signals to accomplish a series of communication activities, such as recognition, courtship, alarm, and so on. More complex vocal signals can bring more information, and thus more complete and efficient messages will be sent to the receivers. Animals use complicated communication calls to improve the fitness of senders and receivers. However, although animals only emit limited syllable types, they can use syntax to form syllables into complex call sequences which convey more detailed and richer messages through various combination patterns. In addition, animal syntax is similar to human grammar. Studying the syntax structure will contribute to comprehend the formation mechanism of human language. Therefore, we summarize and classify the syntactic structure to reveal the forming rules of communication calls. Subsequently, the divergence and geographic variation of syntax in different animals are discussed, and these will provide a scientific reference basis for understanding the forming and maintaining mechanism of human dialects. Finally, we conclude the research progress of syntactic structure to provide reasonable suggests for future focal point and orientation as well as syntax research. 2018,37(1): 108-120 收稿日期：2017-09-27 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20170301 分类号：Q958 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（31370411） 作者简介：余艳萍(1993-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:动物生态学,E-mail:yuyp680@nenu.edu.cn *通讯作者：刘颖,E-mail:liuy252@nenu.edu.cn 参考文献： 雷富民, 郑作新, 尹祚华. 1997. 纵纹腹小鸮在中国的分布、栖息地及各亚种的梯度变异(鸮形目:鸱鸮科)[J]. Zoological Systematics, 3:327-334. 李佩珣, 于学锋, 李方满. 1991. 繁殖期黄喉鹀的领域鸣唱及其种内个体识别[J]. 动物学研究, 2:163-168. 王磊. 2014. 大趾鼠耳蝠声波发育、多样性及其生态可塑性研究[D]. 长春:东北师范大学. 王琳. 2013. 八种鹀属鸟类鸣声特征及其适应性进化研究[D]. 长春:东北师范大学. 乐西子, 江帆, 薛飞, 等. 2017. 仙琴蛙广告鸣叫中不同音节生物学意义的差异研究[J]. 四川动物, 36(3):241-248. Benedict L, Bowie RC. 2009. Macrogeographical variation in the song of a widely distributed African warbler[J]. Biology Letters, 5(4):484-487. Bj？rges？ter A, Ugland KI, Bj？rge A. 2004. Geographic variation and acoustic structure of the underwater vocalization of harbor seal ( Phoca vitulina) in Norway, Sweden and Scotland[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 116(1):2459-2468. Bohn KM, Schmidtfrench B, Ma ST, et al. 2008. Syllable acoustics, temporal patterns, and call