达赉湖水域变化对水鸟群落的影响
The Influence of Dalai Lake Area Change on Waterbird Community

中文摘要：内蒙古达赉湖国家级自然保护区是东北亚鸟类迁徙的重要停歇地和繁殖地,被列入拉姆萨尔"国际重要湿地"。近10年来,达赉湖面积急剧减少,造成湿地环境变化,从而可能对水鸟群落结构产生影响。本文分析了达赉湖2004—2013年湖水面积变化对水鸟群落结构的影响,主要研究结果如下:湖水面积与水鸟多样性及均匀度指数呈显著负相关,与雁形目全年平均多样性指数呈不显著负相关,与鸻形目全年平均多样性指数呈显著负相关,与鹳形目全年平均多样性指数呈不显著正相关。对湖水面积与重点保护物种数量的相关性分析表明,2004年到2011年湖水面积下降期间,灰鹤 Grus grus、蓑羽鹤 Anthropoides virgo、大天鹅 Cygnus cygnus、小天鹅 C. columbianus及遗鸥 Larus relictus的种群数量均有所增加,而丹顶鹤 G. japonensis、白枕鹤 G. vipio及疣鼻天鹅 C. olor的种群数量则在下降。随着内蒙古东北部暖干化气候的持续,湖水面积的继续缩减可能引起大面积沙化,进而影响水鸟的停留和繁殖,因此有必要对该地区水鸟群落与湖泊动态的关系进行长期监测。
英文摘要：Dalai Lake National Nature Reserve is an important stopover site and breeding site of the northeast Asia bird migration routes, and it has been listed in the Ramsar Wetlands of International Importance. The area of Dalai Lake is narrowed in recent ten years, and this will influence the waterbird community through the variation of wetland environment. In this paper, the influence of lake area change on the waterbird community and the population size of some protected species were studied. The main results were showed as follows: in recent 10 years, the area change of the lake was negatively correlated with the diversity index and the evenness index, and negatively correlated with the diversity index of Anseriformes and Charadriiformes; a positive correlation coefficient was observed between the lake area change and the Ciconiiformes diversity index, but not significant ( P=0.48). The population size of the common crane (Grus grus), the demoiselle crane ( Anthropoides virgo), the whooper swan ( Cygnus cygnus), the tundra swan ( C. columbianus) and the relic gull ( Larus relictus) increased, while the population size of red-crowned crane ( G. japonensis), white-naped crane ( G. vipio) and the mute swan ( C. olor) decreased along with lake area decreasing from 2004 to 2011. These results may be due to the formation of low water area during area decreasing, which was beneficial for the foraging of Anseriformes and Charadriiformes species. With the climate warming in Inner Mongolia, long-term water area decreasing will cause desertification and this will influence the stopover of many waterbirds species. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a long-term study on the relationship between waterbird community and area change of Dalai Lake. 2016,(35): 201-209 收稿日期：2015-09-30 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20150302 分类号：Q958.1;Q959.7 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(31372225); 中央民族大学学科建设项目(YLDX01013) 作者简介：田姗(1987-), 女, 硕士研究生, E-mail:doriatshan@163.com *通讯作者：张淑萍, E-mail:zhangshuping@muc.edu.cn 参考文献： 董超, 张国刚, 陆军, 等. 2013. 新疆巴音布鲁克繁殖期大天鹅的生境选择[J]. 生态学报, 33(16): 4885-4891. 鄂云峰, 孙辉成.