大熊猫弃食竹秆皮的化学原因
Chemical Reasons for Giant Panda Peeling the Bamboo Culm Skin

中文摘要：大熊猫 Ailuropoda melanoleuca依赖竹子才能够生存,但取食时却有很强的选择性,特别在取食竹秆时,会撕去竹秆皮。尽管这可以简单解释为大熊猫不喜欢吃坚韧的竹秆皮,但研究其背后的化学原因却有助于加深对这种行为的理解。2015年4—5月,在中国保护大熊猫研究中心雅安碧峰峡研究基地和都江堰研究基地,通过观察8只圈养大熊猫对10种竹子的采食,发现这些大熊猫只取食其中的8种竹子,并且明显表现出弃食竹秆皮的行为。进一步采用范氏洗涤分析滤袋技术、全自动纤维素分析仪对10种竹子的竹秆皮进行化学分析,结果显示:10种竹子中除个别竹种外,纤维类物质含量在竹秆皮与竹秆其余部位之间的差异有统计学意义。竹秆皮中的半纤维素含量较竹秆其余部位低15%~35%(9种: P<0.01;1种: P>0.05),纤维素含量较竹秆其余部位高5%~30%(3种: P<0.01;5种: P<0.05;2种: P>0.05),木质素含量较竹秆其余部位高5%~48%(2种: P<0.01;6种: P<0.05;2种: P>0.05)。显然,纤维类物质的含量差异,尤其是能使竹秆皮变硬的高含量纤维素和木质素,是大熊猫弃食竹秆皮的主要原因之一。观察中的个别例外也意味着纤维类物质也许不是大熊猫选择性取食的唯一原因。
英文摘要：The survial of giant pandas ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is highly depended on the bamboo, however, they are strongly selective on the bamboo when feeding. Especially, when eating the bamboo culm, they usually peel the culm skin. Although this behavior may simply be regarded as giant pandas' dislike the hard skin, it would be necessary to explore the underlying chemical reasons. By observing eight captive giant pandas in Ya'an Bifeng Gorge Base and Dujiangan Disease Control Center, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Sichuan, China, from April to May of 2015, 8 of 10 species of bamboo were selected by the pandas, and the bamboo culm skin was robustly peeled. The result of chemical analysis by using filter bag technology of Van Soest with ANKOM-A2000i Automated Analyzer showed that, the contents of fiber-like substance of majority of bamboo were significantly different between culm skin and the rest part of culm. In the culm skin, the content of hemicellulose was 15%~35% lower than the rest part (9 species: P<0.01; 1 species: P>0.05), but cellulose content was 5%~30% higher than the rest part (3 species: P<0.01; 5 species: P<0.05; 2 species: P>0.05), and lignin content was 5%~48% higher than the rest part (2 species: P<0.01; 6 species: P<0.05; 2 species: P>0.05). Our results showed that, the fiber-like substance, especially the cellulose and lignin, may harden the culm skin, and this might be one of the possible chemical reasons for giant panda abandoning the bamboo culm skin. 2016,(35): 161-166 收稿日期：2015-11-07 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20150351 分类号：Q959.8 基金项目：国家林业局大熊猫国际合作项目(WY1103) 作者简介：赵志琛(1990-), 男, 硕士研究生, E-mail:maorongrong9@foxmail.com *通讯作者：贾竞波, E-mail:jiajingbo2011@163.com 参考文献： 毕温磊, 侯蓉, 费立松, 等. 2014. 迁入都江堰野放中心的大熊猫野化放归个体皮质醇水平变化初步研究[J]. 四川动物, 33(1): 8-12. 陈昌笃. 2000. 都江堰地区-横断山北段生物多样性交汇,分化和存留的枢纽地段[J]. 生态学报, 20(1): 28-34. 陈晓亚, 薛红卫. 2012. 植物生理与分子生物学[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社: 187-198. 樊程, 李双江, 李成磊, 等. 2012. 大熊猫肠道纤维素分解菌的分离鉴定及产酶性质[J].