广西弄岗国家级自然保护区喀斯特森林鸟类群落结构与多样性分析
Community Composition and Avian Diversity in Karst Forest of Nonggang National Nature Reserve, Guangxi

中文摘要：弄岗国家级自然保护区森林是典型的喀斯特森林。2010年2月-2013年2月对其中的鸟类群落进行了研究。利用样线法、样点法和数理统计等方法对弄岗森林鸟类群落结构、多样性等进行了调查和数据分析。结果如下:(1)共记录到鸟类222种,隶属13目42科。其中留鸟148种,夏候鸟31种,冬候鸟39种,旅鸟4种。弄岗喀斯特森林鸟类群落的特点为留鸟所占比例远大于候鸟,雀形目构成鸟类群落的主要组成成分。弄岗喀斯特森林鸟类区系组成在华中、华南、西南这三区广泛分布的种类最多,鸟类的区系组成具有一定的华南、华中、西南三区区系特征,但总体上以华南区区系特征为主。(2)对弄岗喀斯特森林林缘、弃耕地、森林内部3种生境进行多样性研究。3种生境的夏季和冬季鸟类多样性指数、均匀性指数和优势度指数均较高。鸟类群落结构组成在夏冬两季的波动并不明显,总体上较为稳定。
英文摘要：The Nonggang National Nature Reserve forest was a typical karst forest. In this study, bird community was surveyed from February 2010 to February 2013. Community composition and avian diversity in the forest were studied by line transect method and point count method. The results showed that: (1) there was a total of 222 species, which belonged to 13 orders and 42 families, including 148 residents, 31 summer visitors, 39 winter visitors and 4 passage migrants. The proportion of the residents was more than that of visitors. Passeriformes was the main component of the bird community in Nonggang karst forest. The species of the birds widely distibuted in south, central and southwest China was the most abundant in Nonggang karst forest. Therefore, the composition of avian fauna had the characteristics of south, central and southwest China, but the most significant was south China in general. (2) The analysis of bird diversity in the three types of habitats (forest edge, abandoned field, forest interior) in Nonggang karst forest suggested that, the diversity index, evenness index and dominance index in summer and winter were higher than the other seasons. No obvious fluctuation of bird community structure was observed in summer and winter. 2016,(1): 141-148 收稿日期：2015-05-12 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20150176 分类号：Q959.7 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(31172123) 作者简介：陆舟(1971-), 男, 讲师, 主要从事动物生态学研究, E-mail:lt9646@139.com *通讯作者：周放, E-mail:zhoufang768@126.com 参考文献： 鲍方印, 王松, 王梅, 等. 2011. 安徽沿淮湖泊湿地水鸟资源调查[J]. 动物学杂志, 46(4): 117-125. 陈化鹏, 高中信, 李枫, 等. 1993. 小兴安岭北部夏季森林鸟类群落空间集团结构研究[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 21(2): 41-48. 崔鹏, 夏少霞, 刘观华, 等. 2013. 鄱阳湖越冬水鸟种群变化动态[J]. 四川动物, 32(2): 292-296. 邓自强, 胡长庚, 李克因, 等. 1988. 广西弄岗自然保护区综合考察报告[J]. 广西植物, (S1): 1-214. 胡舜士, 王献溥. 1980. 广西石灰岩地区季节性雨林的群落学特点[J]. 东北林学院学报, (4): 11-26. 蒋科毅, 吴明, 邵学新, 等. 2013. 杭州湾及钱塘江河口南岸滨海湿地鸟类群落多样性及其对滩涂围垦的响应[J]. 生物多样性, 21(2): 214-223. 冉景承, 陈会明, 熊志斌. 2003. 贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区鸟类调查[J]. 贵州林业科技, 31(3): 26-33. 冉景承, 熊志斌, 张丛贵. 1999. 茂兰喀斯特森林区食果(种子)鸟与树种传播的初步研究[J]. 贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版), 17(2): 63-66. 孙儒泳. 2001. 动物生态学原理[M]. 北京: 北京师范大学出版社. 熊志斌, 冉景承. 2002. 贵州茂兰喀斯特森林区的猛禽[J]. 四川动物, 21(1): 43-44. 熊志斌, 谭成江, 余登利, 等. 2002. 贵州茂兰自然保护区白鹇种群