华西蟾蜍年龄结构、体长和生长率的研究
Research of Age Structure, Body Size and Growth Rate in Bufo andrewsi

中文摘要：本研究利用骨龄学方法研究了青藏高原东缘横断山脉区一个华西蟾蜍种群的年龄结构、体长、年生长率及性成熟年龄。采集的74个成体个体中(雄性47只, 雌性27只),均能够在趾骨切片中观察到受抑制生长线。结果表明:两性的体长和年龄都成正相关关系(雌性: F 1,26=4.87, r=0.40, P=0.04,雄性: F 1,46=4.48, r=0.30, P=0.04)。雌性初始繁殖年龄为4龄,寿命至少为11龄;雄性分别为3龄和11龄。雌性和雄性的平均年龄存在显著差异( Z=2.27, P<0.01),雌性为(8.4±1.8)龄,雄性为(6.2±1.8)龄。雌性平均体长大于雄性( t=2.348, P<0.01),雌性为91.9 mm±7.2 mm,雄性为74.8 mm±5.5 mm。另外,雌性和雄性具有不同的生长模式,雌性生长率( r=2.48)大于雄性( r=2.32)。年龄和生长率对华西蟾蜍的性二型的解释有重要意义。
英文摘要：In this paper, age structure, body size and growth rate of Andrew's toad ( Bufo andrewsi) were studied using skeletochronology. Lines of arrested growth were distinctly observed in phalanges slices of 74 adult individuals collected in west China including 47 males and 27 females. A positive relationship between body size and age was found in two sexes (males: F 1, 46=4.48, r=0.30, P=0.04; females: F 1, 26= 4.87, r=0.40, P=0.04). The age at sexual maturity and longevity observed was 3 and 11 yrs in males, 4 and 11 yrs in females, respectively. There was significant difference in average age between the sexes ( Z=2.27, P<0.01), with females being larger than males (males, 6.2±1.8; females, 8.4±1.8). Female average body size (snout-vent length), 91.9 mm±7.2 mm, was larger than males, 74.8 mm±5.5 mm ( t=2.348, P<0.01). Females have greater growth rate than males (males, r=2.32; females, r=2.48), showing a difference growth pattern. A significant relationship between age and body size within each sex was found in this species. 2015,34(1): 41-46 收稿日期：2014-3-31 DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2015.01.006 分类号：Q959.5 作者简介：胡舒展(1990-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:两栖类生活史特征和种群遗传学,E-mail:hushuzhan1990@sina.com *通讯作者：廖文波,E-mail:liaobo_0_0@126.com;周材权,E-mail:drcqzhou1@163.com 参考文献： 费梁, 叶昌媛. 2001. 四川两栖类原色图鉴[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社. 李文蓉, 宋玉成, 时磊. 2010. 基于骨龄学方法鉴定吐鲁番沙虎的年龄[J]. 动物学杂志, 45(3): 79-86. 孙儒泳. 2006. 动物生态学原理[M]. 北京: 北京师范大学出版社. 吴鹏飞, 王跃招, 郭海燕, 等. 2005. 青海沙蜥的生长及两性生长差异[J]. 四川大学学报:自然科学版, 42(6): 1252-1257. 杨宏伟, 康东伟, 李俊清, 等. 2013. 王朗小河沟自然保护区大熊猫越冬生境利用比较研究[J]. 生物学杂志, 30(3): 48-50. 曾宗永, 岳碧松, 冉江洪, 等. 2002. 王朗自然保护区大熊猫对生境的利用[J]. 四川大学学报:自然科学版, 39(6): 1140-1144. Andersson MB. 1994. Sexual Selection[M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Castanet J, Smirina EM. 1990. Introduction to the skeletochronological method in amphibians and reptiles[J]. Annales des Sciences Naturalles. Zoologie et Biologie Animale, 11(4): 191-196. Darwin CR. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex[M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Darwin C. 1906. The descent of man and selection in relation to sex[M]. London: John Murray. Fairbairn DJ, Roff DA. 2006. The