蝙蝠声音信号功能研究进展
Research Progress on the Function of Acoustic Signals in Bats

中文摘要：声音信号介导动物的资源竞争、配偶选择及反捕食等系列生活史事件，对维持动物种群稳定与群落平衡至关重要。蝙蝠占据夜空生态位，视觉退化，听觉发达，一直被视为声学研究的模式生物。本文围绕蝙蝠回声定位声波与交流声波的功能，综述当前研究现状，展望未来发展方向。纵观已有研究，蝙蝠回声定位声波具有多重功能，包括空间导航与猎物探测、水体与植被识别、协调觅食活动及传递交流信息。蝙蝠利用交流声波从事社群活动，包括社群联系、资源防御、繁殖活动及求救呼叫。绝大多数研究关注蝙蝠回声定位声波的功能，有关蝙蝠交流声波的功能近年才引起重视。未来工作有待进一步探究蝙蝠声音信号产生的影响机制。
英文摘要：Acoustic signals mediate a variety of life history events in animals, such as resource competition, mate selection, and antipredator defense. Therefore, it has been proposed that acoustic signals have profound effects on population stability and community dynamics. Echolocating bats occupy a nocturnal niche in the sky. They have comparatively poor vision but well-developed auditory sense, providing a good model for acoustic research. In this review, we summarize the current studies regarding the function of echolocation and social calls in bats. We provide some recommendations and directions for future work. We consider that the echolocation calls of bats serve multiple functions including spatial orientation, prey tracking, recognition of water and plant, foraging coordination, and social information transfer. By contrast, bats use social calls to engage in social activities, including social contact, resource competition, mate choice, and distress calling. Despite the large amount of previous studies which have focused on echolocation calls, study on the function of social calls in bats is emerging in recent years. Further work in this field is needed to explore the influence mechanisms of the production of acoustic signals among bats. 2018,37(6): 710-720 收稿日期：2018-05-10 分类号：Q958.1 基金项目：西华师范大学博士启动基金项目（412680）；东北师范大学重点实验室开放课题（130028752） 作者简介：李成容(1996—),女,本科生,主要从事动物行为生态学研究 *通信作者：罗波,E-mail:luob041@nenu.edu.cn;冯江,E-mail:fengj@nenu.edu.cn 参考文献： 冯江. 2001. 蝙蝠回声定位行为生态研究[M]. 长春: 吉林科学技术出版社. 吴飞健, 陈其才. 1997. 蝙蝠听觉器的"视"功能[J]. 生物学通报, 32(7): 16-18. 张树义, 冯江. 1999. 三种蝙蝠飞行状态下回声定位信号的比较[J]. 动物学报, 45(4): 385-389. Arnold BD, Wilkinson GS. 2011. Individual specific contact calls of pallid bats ( Antrozous pallidus) attract conspecifics at roosting sites[J]. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 65(8): 1581-1593. August P. 1979. Distress calls in Artibeus jamaicensis: ecology and evolutionary implications[M]//Eisenberg JF. Vertebrate ecology in the northern Neotropics. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press: 151-159. Balcombe JP. 1990. Vocal recognition of pups by mother Mexican free-tailed bats, Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana[J]. Animal Behaviour, 39(5): 960-966. Barclay RMR. 1982. Interindividual use of echolocation calls: eavesdropping by bats[J]. Behavioral Ecology and