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- 2018
贵州大学校园及周边绿地的鸟类多样性及其与景观格局间关系
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Abstract:
中文摘要：鸟类是城市绿地中最重要的野生动物类群之一，不同绿地生境类型对鸟类群落多样性有着重要影响，高校占地面积较大、绿化率高，成为城市鸟类栖息活动的重要区域。为探究贵州大学校园及毗邻绿地的鸟类多样性及其与生境类型间的关系，于2015—2016年开展鸟类监测调查，结果表明：1）在贵州大学及周边绿地共记录鸟类12目34科82种，雀形目Passeriformes鸟类最多（69.51%）；2）在景观格局特征上，3个调查区域总面积相似，但景观格局特征差异明显，鸟类多样性不同：景观丰度、边缘密度、景观形状等指数最大的花溪公园鸟类多样性较贵州大学及花溪湖湿地生态园高，反之，景观丰度、边缘密度较低的调查地，鸟类多样性降低；3）在生境斑块类型上，3个调查地的鸟类丰富度从高到低依次为：林地 > 人工湿地 > 农田 > 河流水域 > 草地 > 建筑用地。为此，建议在校园或城市绿地营造中，增加林地与湿地生境类型，提高景观格局丰度，以提高鸟类多样性。
英文摘要：Birds are one of the most important wildlife groups in urban greenbelts, and the type of greenbelts can also influence the diversity of inhabited birds. Universities can be regarded as a sort of important greenbelts for birds' habitation due to the relative large areas and higher greening rates. In order to explore the diversity of birds and the relationship with landscape patterns, a field monitoring was carried out from the autumn of 2015 to the summer of 2016 on the campus of Guizhou University and in 2 adjacent greenbelts. The results showed that: 1) A total of 82 bird species belonging to 34 families and 12 orders were recorded in the whole survey area. 2) Although the 3 survey areas had similar total area, they were different in the characteristics of landscape pattern, which might lead to the difference in avian diversity. Specifically, the Huaxi Park with relative high index of landscape abundance, marginal density, and landscape shape had higher avian diversity than that on the campus of Guizhou University and in the Huaxi Lake Wetland Ecological Park; 3) In terms of the type of habitat patch, woodland had the highest avian diversity in the 3 areas followed by artificial wetland, farmland, river, lawn, and building lot. Therefore, we suggest that increasing the area and type of woodland and wetland, and enhancing the landscape abundance can improve the avian diversity on the planning and design of campus or urban greenbelt. 2018,37(6): 693-702 收稿日期：2018-02-11 分类号：Q959.7 基金项目：贵州省留学人员科技创新项目（黔人项目资助合同[2016]18号）；贵州省科技厅自然科学研究招标项目（黔教合KY字[2015]354号）；贵州省科技重大专项课题（黔科合重大专项字[2016]3022-1号） 作者简介：孙喜娇,研究方向:野生动物生态与保护,E-mail:1107617211@qq.com *通信作者：粟海军,E-mail:hjsu@gzu.edu.cn 参考文献： 陈顺德, 郭克疾, 陈贵英, 等. 2009. 四川师范大学校园鸟类多样性调查[J]. 安徽农业科学, 37(16): 7484-7486. 戴传银. 2016. 贵阳市郊区鸟类的物种多样性保护[J]. 重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版), 33(1): 29-35. 杜天奎, 张宁, 高超. 2014. 宁夏大学校园鸟类群落组成及多样性研究[J]. 农业科学研究, 35(2): 83-88. 符建荣, 刘少英, 孙治宇, 等. 2005. 四川海子山自然保护区鸟类群落结构及多样性[J]. 四川林业科技, 26(6): 1-4. 高陞. 2015. 德宏师范高等专科学校校园鸟类资源初报[J]. 德宏师范高等专科学校学报, 24(1): 111-117. 顾磊, 杨永春, 张后蕊, 等. 2013. 兰州大学榆中校区及其附近鸟类多样性研究[J]. 四川动物, 32(1): 103-107. 蒋志刚, 纪力强. 1999. 鸟兽物种多样性测度的 G-F指数方法[J]. 生物多样性, 7(3):
