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-  2017 

不同来源的川金丝猴生命表和种群动态比较分析
A Comparative Analysis of Life Table and Population Dynamics of Rhinopithecus roxellana from Captivity and Wild

Keywords: 川金丝猴,圈养出生,野外来源,生命表,内禀增长力,种群动态
英文关键字: Rhinopithecus roxellana
, captive born, wild source, life table, innate capacity of increase, population dynamic

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Abstract:

中文摘要:基于川金丝猴 Rhinopithecus roxellana国际谱系簿(2015),本研究将全世界836只圈养川金丝猴依据个体来源划分为圈养出生组(C组, n=606)和野外来源组(W组, n=230),对2组个体的年龄分布、繁殖率、性比分别进行统计分析,编制2组的生命表,绘制死亡曲线及存活曲线,并计算内禀增长力。结果显示,2组川金丝猴的周限增长率分别为1.113 9和1.065 0,种群数量波动均较小;存活曲线均属于Ⅰ型曲线,为增长型,大多数个体均能实现其平均的生理寿命,可见2组川金丝猴生理寿命特征稳定,种群结构相对稳定。进一步分析发现,W组川金丝猴的生命期望平均余年为6.30±0.72,C组为4.10±0.37,两者差异有统计学意义( P<0.05);9年龄级以前W组死亡率维持在0%~3.94%,而C组维持在2.19%~8.25%,除4年龄级外,W组幼猴和青年猴各年龄级死亡率较C组低0.26%~8.25%,可见,W组种群可持续发展前景更好。
英文摘要:Based on the 2015 International Studbook, the 836 captive Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys ( Rhinopithecus roxellana) worldwide were classified into 2 groups:captive born group (group C) and wild group (group W). The life table, mortality curve, survival curve, and innate increase capacity of the 2 groups were calculated through the age structure, reproductive efficiency and sex ratio. The results showed that:the finite increase rates λ C and λ W of the 2 groups were 1.113 9 and 1.065 0, respectively, and this indicated that the captive Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys from both groups had small fluctuations of population number. Additionally, the survival curves of both groups showed convex type, indicating that they had relatively stable lifespan and population structure. The mean life expectancy value of group W was 6.30±0.72, and this was significantly longer than that of group C (4.10±0.37, P<0.05). Moreover, the mortality rate of group W was about0%-3.94%, whereas group C was 2.19%-8.25%, and the mortality rate of infant and youth individuals of group W was about 0.26%-8.25% lowered than group C except for the 4-year-old, and this might demonstrate a better population sustainability of group W. 2017,36(5): 481-488 收稿日期:2017-02-17 DOI:10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20170045 分类号:Q959.8;Q95 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划课题项目(2013BAD03B01) 作者简介:刘学锋,男,博士研究生,高级畜牧师,主要从事野生动物保护、饲养繁育等方面研究 *通讯作者:赵素芬,博士,主要从事动物传染病发病与免疫机制研究、发育组织学、野生动物疫病防治和研究,E-mail:zhaosufen111@126.com;张成林,高级兽医师,主要从事野生动物疫病防治和研究,E-mail:zhch6465@263.net 参考文献: 陈服官, 闵芝兰, 罗时友, 等. 1983. 秦岭地区金丝猴( Rhinopithecus roxellana)的群体行为与生态习性的观察[J]. 兽类学报, 3(2):141-146. 黄炎, 张贵权, 张和民. 2001. 圈养大熊猫的繁殖特性和生命表[J]. 四川动物, 20(2):94-96. 霍晟, 肖文, 向左甫, 等. 2008. 仰鼻猴属的研究进展[J]. 安徽农业科学, 36(24):10495-10497, 10505. 江廷安. 1998. 甘肃鼢鼠的生命表和种群动态分析[J]. 水土保持通报, 18(3):20-23. 李进华. 1998. 黄山野生短尾猴繁殖行为策略的研究[D]. 北京:北京大学. 梁冰, 戚汉君, 张树义, 等. 2001. 笼养川金丝猴不同年龄阶段的发育特征[J]. 动物学报, 47(4):381-387. 齐小光. 2008. 秦岭川金丝猴( Rhinopithecus roxellana)的繁殖策略、社会组织与个体扩散迁移机制的研究[D]. 西安:西北大学. 任仁眉, 严康慧, 苏彦捷, 等. 2000. 金丝猴的社会-野外研究[M]. 北京:北京大学出版社:37-64. 孙儒泳. 2001. 动物生态学原理[M]. 北京:北京师范大学出版社:146-161. 吴逸群, 刘科科. 2010. 川金丝猴生态生物学研究进展[J].

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