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- 2017
川西北草原高原鼢鼠密度调查及引诱剂与D型肉毒素复合毒饵对其的灭效
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Abstract:
中文摘要: 目的 为了掌握川西北草原高原鼢鼠 Myospalax baileyi Pallas种群密度和提高D型肉毒素杀灭高原鼢鼠的效率,于2013年和2014年在位于川西北草原的红原县草原调查了高原鼢鼠的密度,并研究了不同引诱剂的引诱效果及引诱剂与D型肉毒素复合毒饵对高原鼢鼠的灭效。 方法 采用开洞堵洞法和连续捕净法调查高原鼢鼠密度;选用菜籽油和花生油配制引诱剂,然后用引诱剂和D型肉毒素配制复合毒饵,采用开洞堵洞法研究其灭效。 结果 红原县草原高原鼢鼠密度2013年为39.70只/hm 2,2014年为42.14只/hm 2,平均密度为40.92只/hm 2,危害程度为Ⅳ级(严重危害)。菜籽油引诱剂取食率为72.2%,花生油引诱剂取食率为60.0%,二者间差异有高度统计学意义( P<0.01)。未添加引诱剂的D型肉毒素毒饵的灭效为77.2%,添加引诱剂的灭效为89.8%,二者间差异有高度统计学意义( P<0.01),但是复合毒饵各组内灭效差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)。 结论 使用浓度0.10%的D型肉毒素与引诱剂配制复合毒饵,可以显著提高D型肉毒素对高原鼢鼠的灭效。
英文摘要: Objective In order to understand the population density of Myospalax baileyi in Hongyuan county of northwest Sichuan plateau grasslands, and the effects of D-type kreotoxin on M. baileyi, the population density of M. baileyi was investigated, and different kinds of compound poison baits were tested in 2013 and 2014. Methods The block-open method was used to survey the population density of M. baileyi in northwest Sichuan plateau grasslands. Colza oil and peanut oil were used as attractants. The compound poison bait was made to examine its effects on M. baileyi. Results The results showed that the population densit of M. baileyi in Hongyuan county was 39.70 individuals/hm 2 in 2013 and 42.14 individuals/hm 2 in 2014. The average feeding rate of colza oil was 72.2%, which was extreme significantly higher than that of peanut oil (60.0%, P<0.01). The average killing rate of poison bait without attractant was 77.2%, which was extreme significantly lower than that with attractant (89.8%, P<0.01). Conclusion The average density of M. baileyi in Hongyuan county was 40.92 individuals/hm 2, indicating that the pest was highly harmful to the grassland. These results suggested that attractant could significantly improve the effect of D-type kreotoxin on M. baileyi. 2017,36(2): 203-207 收稿日期:2016-10-09 DOI:10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20160273 分类号:Q959.837 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31070380);西南民族大学研究生创新课题项目(CX2015SZ100) 作者简介:邓熙龄,女,硕士研究生,从事动物生态学研究;徐高伟,男,硕士研究生,从事动物生态学研究 *通讯作者:杨孔,博士,教授,主要从事鼠虫害研究,E-mail:lx-yk@163.com 参考文献: 邓址. 1996. 毒饵灭鼠[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 7(2):Ⅴ-Ⅷ. 韩崇选, 李继光. 2002. 主要啮齿动物引诱剂的研究[J]. 陕西林业科技, (2):7-10. 黄倩, 花立民, 曹慧, 等. 2009. 甘肃草原鼠害区划研究[J].草业科学, 26(2):91-99. 洪军, 贠旭疆, 林峻, 等. 2014. 我国天然草原鼠害分析及其防控[J]. 中国草地学报, (3):1-4. 刘伟, 王溪, 周立, 等. 2003. 高原鼠兔对小嵩草草甸的破坏及其防治[J]. 兽类学报, 23(3):214-219. 刘少英. 2005. 四川草原害兽危害概况及对策[J]. 四川林业科技, 26(6):17-21. 刘伟, 张毓, 王溪, 等. 2008. 植被生长季节小同栖息地高原鼠兔的食物选择[J]. 兽类学报, 28(4):358-366. 孙飞达. 2008. 高原鼠兔洞穴密度对高寒草甸初级生产力及土壤特性的影响[D]. 兰州:甘肃农业大学. 唐川江, 周俗, 谢红旗, 等. 2007. 川西北草原鼠虫发生、危害分析[J]. 草地保护, (3):44-46. 王国良, 李斌, 冯星明, 等. 2006.