遗鸥舌头微观结构研究
Ultrastructural Study of the Tongue of Larus relictus

中文摘要：采用光学显微镜及电子扫描显微镜对遗鸥 Larus relictus舌头微观结构进行研究。结果显示：遗鸥的舌头呈细长三角形，由舌尖、舌体、舌根3部分构成。舌尖分叉先端特化为角质的舌突起，舌尖表面有大量脱落的上皮细胞，细胞表面为指纹状；舌体表面光滑，上皮细胞为细长形，表面呈微嵴状；舌根表面有少量的唾液腺开口分布。从功能上分类，遗鸥舌头符合采集食物型舌头结构特征。舌乳突发育不完善，仅锥状乳突在舌体和舌根分界处及上颌表面呈列状分布，乳突末端指向口腔内部。舌黏膜内未见味蕾分布。遗鸥口腔结构的特点与部分鸥科Laridae鸟类区别明显，这可能与遗鸥栖息环境不断恶化、食物种类和数量匮乏有关。
英文摘要：In this study, the ultrastructure of the tongue of Larus relictus was observed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The tongue of L. relictus was triangular in shape, and comprised 3 different parts:the lingual apex, lingual body, and lingual root. The tongue fork had keratinized processes at the lingual apex; the lingual apex had a large number of epithelial cells, and the cell surfaces appear to form a fingerprint. The surface of the lingual body was smooth, and the epithelial cells were elongated with cell surface microridges. The surface of the lingual root had a small number of salivary gland openings. These results indicated that the structure of the tongue of L. relictus was adapted to collecting food. Moreover, the papillae on the lingual mucosa were not perfectly developed and had a cone-shaped appearance, with a row-like distribution on the maxillary surface and at the boundary between the body and root, and the papillae ends point toward the intra-oral cavity. Taste buds in the lingual mucosa were also underdeveloped. Obvious differences existed in the characteristics of the oral structure between L. relictus and other members of the Laridae family, which may be related to habitat deterioration, changes in food type, or food scarcity. 2017,36(2): 181-186 收稿日期：2016-10-12 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20160276 分类号：Q959.7 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（31560598）；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2015MS0321）；教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金项目（2014-1685）；内蒙古留学回区人员科研启动基金项目（2015-339） 作者简介：刘利(1978-),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:动物生态学,E-mail:liuli4304842@126.com *通讯作者：刘晓光,E-mail:lxg63121@163.com 参考文献： 刘文盈, 张秋良, 邢小军, 等. 2008. 鄂尔多斯高原盐沼湿地底栖动物多样性特征与遗鸥繁殖期觅食的相关性研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 22(4):185-192. 任永奇, 何芬奇. 2015. 遗鸥鄂尔多斯亚群主体另辟繁殖地[J]. 湿地科学与管理, 11(3):63. 田梠, 薛文, 马俊, 等. 1998. 遗鸥繁殖群在内蒙古东部的新发现[J]. 内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版), 29(5):694-696. 汪青雄, 肖红, 杨超, 等. 2015. 陕西红碱淖棕头鸥孵卵行为[J]. 生态学杂志, 34(3):760-764. 王岐山, 马鸣, 高玉仁. 2006. 中国动物志 鸟纲 第五卷[M]. 北京:科学出版社. 吴渊, 张海, 张有强, 等. 2016. 河北张家口康巴诺尔湖国家湿地公园遗鸥繁殖群新发现[J]. 动物学杂志, 51(4):668-670. 张荫荪, 丁文宁, 陈容伯, 等. 1993. 遗鸥(Larus relictus)繁殖生态研究[J]. 动物学报, 39(2):154-159. 郑光美. 2012. 鸟类学(第2版)[M]. 北京:北京师范大学出版社. Ahlam EB, Iwasaki S. 2014. Ultrastructure and histochemical study of the lingual salivary glands of some bird species[J]. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 46(2):553-559. Burcu O, Serife T, Murat K, et al. 2015.