玩具丰容对圈养白颊长臂猿行为的影响
Effects of Environmental Enrichment on the Behaviors of the Captive Nomascus leucogenys in Beijing Zoo

中文摘要：为帮助改善动物园人工繁育的国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物——白颊长臂猿 Nomascus leucogenys的饲养环境，本实验尝试研究玩具丰容对其行为的影响。2014年7-8月，对北京动物园的1个白颊长臂猿种群（5只个体）中的2只进行玩具丰容，通过焦点取样法和瞬时记录法对白颊长臂猿的18种行为进行观察记录，并使用配对 t检验对丰容前期、丰容期各行为的持续时间进行比较。结果显示，丰容期白颊长臂猿的多项日常行为均有显著的提高或下降，其中受游客干扰行为显著下降而探求行为增加，但探求行为的增加持续时间不超过4 d。结果表明，玩具丰容能够影响白颊长臂猿的行为且丰容效果有个体差异。玩具丰容能够一定程度增加白颊长臂猿探求行为并减少其对游客的注意，但是效果会随时间减弱。
英文摘要：White-cheeked gibbon ( Nomascus leucogenys) is one of the national key protected wild animals in China. In order to improve the live environment of captive white-cheeked gibbons, we studied the effects of toys enrichment on the behaviors of two captive white-cheeked gibbons in Beijing Zoo during July and August 2014. Toys were added to the closure of white-cheeked gibbons and 18 behaviors were recorded by focus observation method and instantaneous sampling method. Data were processed using paired t test to compare the behavior duration between toy enrichment and none enrichment. The results showed that various behaviors significantly increased or decreased after toys enrichment. Exploring behavior increased in the first 4 days, whereas the tourist interference behavior decreased significantly. However, toys enrichment significantly influenced the behaviors of white-cheeked gibbons while individual differences existed. The effects of toys enrichment decreased as time went by. This study may help to reduce the attention of white-cheeked gibbons against tourists. 2016,35(6): 860-864 收稿日期：2016-05-05 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20160115 分类号：Q959.8;Q958.1 作者简介：LEE Kelai,女,本科生,研究方向:动物行为学,E-mail:leekelai@qq.com *通讯作者：张立,教授,E-mail:asterzhang@bnu.edu.cn 参考文献： 范朋飞. 2012. 中国长臂猿科动物分类和保护现状[J]. 兽类学报, 32(3):248-258. 黄志宏, 王兴金, 何梓铭, 等. 2007. 环境丰容对单独圈养黑猩猩行为影响的研究[J]. 野生动物, 28(6):19-22. 李梅荣, 窦海静. 2010. 环境丰容对纠正黑猩猩呕吐行为效果的研究[J]. 野生动物, 31(1):6-8. 施爱珠, 陈明华, 贺俊平, 等. 2013. 动物园环境丰容对恒河猴行为的影响[J]. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 33(1):50-53. 王强, 李洪文, 石凌, 等. 2009. 环境丰容对圈养灰鹦鹉日常行为的影响[J]. 四川动物, 28(3):455-457. 王强, 吴孔菊, 莫凡, 等. 2008. 圈养大熊猫食物丰容对其行为影响的研究[J]. 四川动物, 27(4):516-519. 熊博, 蒋乐, 施雨洁, 等. 2012. 不同丰容方式对圈养成年山魈行为影响的试验[J]. 四川动物, 31(5):790-794. 张轶卓. 2014. 中国动物园环境丰容的科研现状和发展前景[J]. 现代农业科技, 42(22):243-246. Cheyne SM, Campbell CO, Payne KL. 2012. Proposed guidelines for in situ gibbon rescue, rehabilitation and reintroduction[J]. International Zoo Yearbook, 46:265-281. Clarke AS, Czekala NM, Lindburg DG. 1995. Behavioral and adrenocortical responses of male cynomolgus and lion-tailed macaques to social stimulation and group formation[J]. Primates, 36(1):41-56. Fan PF, Huo S. 2009. The conservation population of northern white-cheeked gibbons ( Nomascus Leucogenys) in